10 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



coal formation ; Glli^ the Xew Eed and the intrusive or igneous rocks 

 associated with these, the whole being succeeded by the drift or 

 boulder formation. In connection with his paper of 1843, Gesner also 

 published a geological map of the province, which is presumably the 

 first detailed map of the kind issued in Canada. 



It will be seen, therefore, that, by the end of the first half of the 

 century, the nomenclature of the subject had, in the eastern province's, 

 begun to assume a fairly consistent shape. Of Gesner's divisions and 

 horizons it may be gencralJy said that in large part the determinations, 

 then made on the broad scale, have been fairly well sustained by the 

 more recent investigations in the district, though the delimitation of 

 boundaries has been largely modified as the result of the detailed work 

 of the last thirty years in the field. It, however, establishes the fact that 

 in Dr. Gesner, the province had a geologist of no mean order, whose 

 gi'asp of the .difficult structure, presented in connection with the geology 

 of many portions of Xova Scotia, may be regarded, for that early time, 

 as wonderful. 



In connection with his work in this province, Gesner also from 

 1838 to 1843, at the request of the New Brunswick Government, con- 

 trived to make a comparatively close study of the rock formations in 

 that province. The results of these examinations appeared in five re- 

 ports, of great interest, in which the terms employed to designate the 

 various groups, corresponded very closely with those used in the geo- 

 logical descriptions of the adjacent province. A brief summary also 

 appeared in a volume by this author, entitled " New Brunswick," which 

 was published in 184?;; but in none of these is our knowledge of the 

 nomenclature perceptibly advanced beyond that already indicated. In 

 1850, the work of Gesner, in New Brunswick, was supplemented by that 

 of Dr. James Kobb, at that time a professor in King's College. 

 Fredericton, who published a short memoir as a result of certain ex- 

 plorations in portions of the province. The report was issued in con- 

 nection with a report by Professor Johnston, on the "Agricultural In- 

 dustries of New Brunswick," and was based largely on the previous 

 work of Gesner, though some new details were introduced, and certain 

 corrections in the horizons were made. The terms Cambrian and lower 

 .Silurian were here apjjarently employed for the first time in the geo- 

 logical descriptions of this province; and some now points were brought 

 forward, following the interpretations of Sir Charles Lyell, in regard to 

 the structure and relations of the Carboniferous and associated De- 

 vonian strata. This report of Dr. Eobb was also accompanied by a 

 geological map of New Brunswick which is also the earliest of the kind 

 issued for this portion of the Dominion. 



