12 ROYAL J-OCIETY OF CANADA 



these terms tlmt of pre-Cambrian has been given to certain old crystal- 

 line rocks which were found to underlie the recognized Cambrian of 

 the coast or the gold-series, and which were found to strongly resemble 

 certain portions of the Laiirentian or Huronian of the western 

 provinces. 



Among the local names which have come to be recognized in this 

 province, more especially in the Palœozoic formations, may be men- 

 tioned, tiie Arisaig series, the Cobequid and Wentworth, Windsor and 

 llorton, l^iversdale, Nictaux and New Canaan, all of which are names 

 locally applied, and several of which undoubtedly refer to rocks, practi- 

 cally on the same horizon, but found at points widely separated. The 

 granites, formerly supposed to represent the rocks of the Primary 

 division, and regarded as pertaining to the oldest system, have now been 

 place! among the intrusive recks and at a horizon near the Devonian. 

 The peculiarities of each of the series enumerated are too many to 

 state in a paper of this nature, but it may be generally said that the 

 study of the different formations, by the Geological Survey in this 

 district, has resulted in determining their horizons and their true 

 relations over the greater part of the province. 



NEW Bnuivswinc. 



In New Brunswick, however, while the names of Eobb and Gesner 

 must always be associated with the literature of the subject to a certain 

 extent, as the first interpreters of the problems there presented, the 

 great work of determining the rock structure of the province devolved 

 largely upon three men, Bailey, Matthew and Hartt, whose names 

 mu?t always stand prominent in this connection. From 1850 to 

 18G0 the only references apparently to geological research in this area 

 appear to be confined to the first volume of the Acadian Geology, 1855, 

 but this reference relates rather to economic questions pertaining to 

 portions of Carboniferous rocks. The confused assemblage of rocks 

 in the southern part of the province still remained in a most unsatis- 

 factory condition as regards their proper arrangement in the scale ; 

 and formations of widely separated horizons, were included in one or 

 two broad divisions, in which fossili ferons and crystalline strata were 

 blended in apparently inextricable confusion. 



The investigations of Bailey, Matthew and Hartt, in 1860 and for 

 several years subsequently, soon bore fruit, and resulted in considerable 

 additions to the nomenclature of the science. In a paper by Matthew 

 to the Canadian Naturalist in 18G3, as also in the Journal of the 

 Geological Society in 18G1-G2, the rocks in the vicinity of St. Joha 



