220 



ROYAL SOCIEIY OV CANADA 



Aucuparia, L.). lu liritisli Columbia, in addition to cultivated apples, 

 it was found that the larvai also fed inside the fruit of the wild crab 

 apple (Pirns rivularis, T>o\\^\.), whicli has fruit of about the same size 

 as the European mountain ash. 



The Lesser Apple-wonii [Grapholitha (Semasia) prunivora, 

 Walsh] . — For many years lîritish Columbian apple growers have referred 

 to a small caterpillar which in everything but size answered to the 

 caterpillar of the Codling ^lotii, but it was not until 1898 when the 

 ])erfect moths were reared, that the exact identity of the species was de- 

 termined. In 1897 the caterpillars were very numerous and destruc- 

 tive in Jîritish Columbia, and also occurred in several places in Eastern 

 Canuda. (lie]). Exp. Farms, 1898, p. 199.) In the East as the caterpillars 

 attacked the ai)ple chiefly at the calyx end and did not burrow deeply 

 into the flesh, the injury was less important than on the Paciflc Coar^t, 

 where they burrowed all through the fruit in a very similar way to those 

 of the well known Codling Moth. The species was treated of by Ben- 

 jamin Walsh many years ago in his first report as Entomologist of Illi- 

 nois (1868), under the name of the Plum Moth. He bred specimens 

 from plums, the fungous growth ' known as "the Black Knot," the 

 Cock's-comb Gall of the elm, which is caused and inhabited by plant- 

 lice, and also from a hollow gall on the leaves of red oak. Dr. C. V. 

 liiley also bred it from galls on oak, from haws, from cral) apples, and 

 abundantly from cultivated apples. 



The Mottled Umber Moth {Ilibeniia defuliaria, L.). — This moth, 

 the caterpillar of which is one of the Geometridœ, is a European species 

 which has secured a foothold in British Columbia, and every year does 

 some harm, to plum and cherry trees in Vancouver Island. In the 

 Report of the Experimental Farms for 1893, page 178, it is treated of 

 and figured in all its stages. 



Click- beetles (Cori/ - 

 bites caricinus, Germ., and C. 

 iarsatiis. Lcc). — Injuries to 

 the flowers of ap})le trees by 

 the two dick-beetles above 

 named have sometimes been 

 rather serious. (lîep. Exp. 

 Farms, 1892, p. 146.) The 

 grubs of these beetles belong 

 to the large class of very in- 

 jurious crop pests known as 

 Wireworms, Avhich attack 

 Fig. 11. -Click-beetles ami ■Wircwonii3-2, 3, 0, 9, ^^\^^, j-oots of many plant.s, 

 11, maRniflcd. .^^j ^^.^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ 



