HOLOTHITEIOIDEA of the INDIAN OCEAN. 67 



Remarks. — It would appear that this form is related to 

 Holothuria atra and Holothuria edulis on the one hand and to 

 Holothuria lubrica on the other. I cannot see any important 

 differences between the above species and Holothuria ivilleyi, 

 Bedford. In some specimens from Ceylon which I have 

 examined the spicules vary from the type as Bedford's 

 specimens did, but this variation appears to accompany the 

 breaking up of the spicules. I consider Bedford's species 

 properly belongs to H. cinerascens. 



Holothuria atra, Jager. 

 (Plate IX., fig. 11.) 



Holothuria atra. — Jager 1833 (14) ; Selenka 1867 (37) ; 

 Semper 1868 (38) ; Ludwig 1881 (25), 1882 (26), 1887 

 (28) (29), 1899 (32) ; Lampert 1885 (19), 1896 (21) ; 

 Theel 1886 (42) ; BeU 1887 (6), 1889 (7) ; Thurston 

 1890 (43) ; Koehler 1895 (15) ; Whitelegge 1897 (45), 

 1903 (46) ; Bedford 1898 (2), 1899 (3) ; Clark 1901 

 (9), 1902 (10) ; Voeltzkow 1902 (44), Pearson 1903 

 (33), 1910 (34) ; Fisher 1907 (11) ; Koehler & Vaney 

 1908 (17). 



Holothuria amboinensis. — Jager 1833 (14) ; Semper 1868 (38) ; 

 Lampert 1885 (19). 



Holothuria (Microthele) affinis. — Brandt 1835 (8). 



Holothuria floridana, Pourtales 1851 ; Selenka 1867 (37) ; 

 Ludwig 1881 (25). 



Holothuria atra var. amboinensis. — Theel 1886 (42) ; Bedford 

 1898 (2), 1899 (3). 



Numerous specimens from every collection which I have 

 examined. This is a very common species in the shallow 

 waters of the Indo-Pacific. 



In living specimens I have examined from the Ceylon Pearl 

 Banks the colour was black or very dark brown or reddish- 

 brown. The pedicels have white sucking discs, and the 

 papillae have white tips. The columns of the pedicels and 

 papillae are always black. Twenty dark brown or dark green 

 tentacles. 



