THE ICE-FREE REFUGIA OF NORTHWESTERN SCANDINAVIA 333 



basis of paleontological correlation. They lay in "the middle moraine". (The 

 author is indebted to Dr. L. Serebryanny, Moscow, for the information.) 



As long as we are unable to distinguish definitely between real till and 

 glacial marine sediments in samples from the sea bottom, the possibility of 

 solving this problem is relatively small. 



CONCLUSIONS 



Until now there is no geological or geomorphological proof of any refugium 

 areas in Scandinavia during the Wiirm glaciation; on the contrary strong 

 arguments can be raised against the existence of each such "refugium". The 

 presence of nunataks, however, cannot be excluded but parts of them must 

 have had a more or less permanent snow cover, and the microclimate must 

 have been very harsh. 



One of the strongest arguments for the refugium hypothesis is the existence 

 of plants and animals with a so-called bicentric distribution. There may, 

 however, be other ways of explaining such distributions. Attention may be 

 called to the fact that the supposed refugium areas probably were deglaciated 

 earlier than the rest of northern and western Scandinavia, and thus both 

 flora and fauna have had a longer time to become estabhshed. 



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