396 ASKELL LOVE 



may be old and indicate some late land-connection between Shetland, the 

 Faeroes, and Iceland, but several other local endemics, such as Sesleria 

 albicans ssp. islandica, G/yceria fluitans var. islandica, Roegneria borealis 

 ssp. islandica, Roegneria Doniana ssp. Stefanssonii, Dactylorchis maculata 

 ssp. islandica, some species of Euphrasia, and the varieties of Papaver Nord- 

 hagenianum and P. radicatum (cf. Love, 1962a, b) are possibly neoendemics 

 formed in Post-glacial times by strong natural selection in small populations, 

 or simply by genetic drift. 



Venturing to summarize the total outcome of this symposium, it seems safe 

 to conclude that although our views on the history of the North Atlantic and 

 its biota have become greatly elucidated by the papers presented, we have 

 also become well aware of the many geological and biological problems which 

 remain unsettled in this part of the world. Many of these problems require 

 thoroughly organized investigations and combined geological and biological 

 efforts on basis of refined chemical, physical, geological, oceanographical, 

 cytogenetical, taxonomical, palynological, biogeographical, and other methods 

 of approach. Most desirable of all, however, are greatly increased facilities 

 for such cooperative studies which could lead to a solution of the complicated 

 but important problems of the history of biota in the North Atlantic area. 

 It seems to us that Iceland, both because of its position and its unique geology, 

 holds the key to many of these problems. 



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