422 



SUBJECT INDEX 



Normandy, tillites and pseudotillites 12 



Norsemen and flora 78, 174, 291 



North America 25, 110, 111, 147, 211 



northern coniferous forest region 119 



Northeast Land 99, 233, 234 



Northern Hemisphere nemoral 1 10 



Northern Ireland 395 



northern tree-line 119 



Northern Pacific gastropods 156, 164 



North Sea continent 229, 331 



Notiophilus aqitaticus 84 



Nova Scotia 169, 174 



Novaya Zemlya 99, 103, 105, 176, 200, 



216, 218, 233, 235, 236, 268, 294 

 Novosibirsk Archipelago 202 

 Norway 88, 112, 119, 121, 184, 190, 236, 



242, 243, 244, 245, 250, 251, 253, 259, 



261, 282, 290, 337 

 Corvlus-non-Pinus cHmate 226 

 gastropods 1 68 

 survival of plants 24 Iff, 26 Iff 

 type of refugia 228, 235, 269, 280 

 Nucella transgression 362 

 Nugssuak Peninsula 181 

 nunataks 107, 236, 255, 256, 261, 277, 



279, 280, 282, 291, 305, 306, 307, 311. 



323, 328, 329, 333, 337, 350, 358, 370 



Oraefi 319, 377 

 Orchidaceae 200 

 Orchis 



maciilata 66 



mascula 1 98 



Spitzelii 96 

 Ordovician 13 

 Oregon 371 



oreophytic plants 209, 214 

 Oriental region, earthworms 138 

 Orkney 190 



Orthilia seciinda 199, 290 

 Oskjuvatn 384 

 Oslo district, arctic plants 228 

 Ostrobottnia 120 

 Ot hilts welanocephahis 83 

 Ottawa River 1 1 1 

 Ottawa — St. Lawrence Valley 1 1 1 

 overwintering, cf. Pleistocene survival 

 Oxalis Acetosella 319 

 OxychiUis 1 67 



alliarius 168 

 Oxycocciis microcarpus 3 1 5 

 Oxyloma 163, 167 

 OxYiia digyna 103,211,214 

 Oxvtropis deflexo 88, 96, 230, 242, 245 



O'VOi* isotopes 13 



oases in Antarctica 323 



occasional introductions 72 



ocean basins 2 



ocean floor II, 17, 21 ff 



Ocnerodrilinae 127, 129, 131, 135, 138, 



143, 145 

 Ocnerodriliis 138 

 Octochaetinae 136, 138, 142 

 Octochaetoides 137 

 Octolasimii 



cyaneiiin 1 46 



lacteuin 1 46 

 Odadahraun 3 

 Oenothera 180 



biennis ll'i 

 Oland 112,228,368,370,372 

 "Old Iceland" 187 

 Old Red Sandstone 13 

 Olenek River 243 

 Oligochaeta. cf. earthworms 

 olivine 383, 384 

 Olstappen Lake 251 

 Omberg 228, 369, 370 

 Omphalodiscus krascheninnikovii 236 

 Opdal 248, 253 

 Opeas 1 57 

 Oia;fajokull 377, 379 



Papaver 91, 92, 93, 94, 197, 248, 249, 300 

 bicentric in Scandinavia 91, 92, 93, 94 

 cytogenetic analysis 184, 185, 280, 281 

 migratory history 93 

 sect. Scapiflora 229, 247, 249 

 Argemone 197 



Dahlianum 92, 100, 104, 216, 218, 249 

 duhiuin 1 97 

 hybridum 1 97 

 Laestadiamini 92, 249 

 lapponicum 92, 184, 249 

 Nordhagenianiini 93, 395, 396 

 radicatum 92, 93, 1 84, 249, 265, 266, 268, 



279, 280, 281 

 relict urn 93, 249, 267 



palagonite 3, 384 



Palearctic 75, 78, 80, 81, 129, 181 



paleographic maps 142ff 



paleogeography of North America 173ff 



Paleocene gastropods 158 



paleoclimatic map 14 



Paleogene 208 



paleomagnetism 14 



Paleotropical earthworms 131 



Paleozoic climates 12, 13, 111 



Pales 



crocata 2 1 2 

 pratensis 2 1 2 



