428 



SUBJECT INDEX 



survival, in Greenland 291, 292 



in Iceland 303, 305, 307, 311, 357, 360, 



388 

 and loss of species 230 

 on North Sea continent 229 

 nunatak 276, 280 

 of plants 102, 189, 201, 210, 224, 233, 



235, 236, 237, 238, 241, 261 

 in Scandinavia 238, 241, 259, 261, 276, 



307 

 in Svaibard 102 

 survival theory 246, 251, 252, 259, 261, 



279, 280, 391 

 Svaibard, cf. Spitsbergen 

 Svinafell 377ff 

 Svinafellsfjall 377ff 

 Svinafellsjokull 379 

 Svinoy 36, 37, 40, 41 

 Sweden 12, 112, 119, 120, 122, 228, 242, 



243, 245, 257, 268 

 Switzerland 250 

 sylvo-tundra 118 



table mountain 381 



"tabula rasa" idea 24 1 , 244, 248. 252, 304, 



391 

 Tachhms corticiniis 82 

 Tafjord 255 



taiga 118, 119, 120, 123, 207 

 Taimyr 216 

 "Tak" 33 



Talstadhesten Mt. 276 

 Taraxacum 178, 180, 248, 298, 299, 300, 

 301, 303, 355 



Arctica group 271 



Ceratophora group 250 



aleuroides 250 



aleurophoriiiu 250 



arctiatm 99, 218 



brachyceras 2 1 8 



cornutum 250 



dovrense 248,271,274,279 



officinale 1 97 



Reichenbachii 248, 271 

 Tasmania, earthworms 129 

 Tatra Mts. 209 

 Taxodiitin 1 5 



distichum 30, 35 

 taxonomic differentiation 87, 91 

 Taxus 117 



teleostei, freshwater 129 

 Telliaosilk Fjord 342 

 telocrats 367 



temperature 13,201,202,326,327 

 tephra layers 357, 362 

 tephrochronology 371 



Tertiary xii, 2, 5, 14, 15, 25, 41, 73 

 80, 82, 156, 163, 209, 238, 340, 357, 

 394 

 Tertiary-mesophytic flora 394 

 Thalictrum 363 

 Thjorsardalur 362 

 Thingvallavatn 384 

 Thorisjokull 236 

 Thor's Hammer 256 

 Thorskafjordur 318 

 "thufur"' 357 

 Thuja occidentalis 111, 115 

 Thulean region 30 

 thunderstorms, and dispersal 200 

 Thymus Drucei 287 

 Thyrea radiata 235 

 Tjornes, Pliocene 5, 8, 16 

 Tierra del Fuego, earthworms 131, 132 

 Tilia 111,120 

 americana 1 1 2 

 cordala 112, 117, 119, 373 

 platvphvUa 373 

 till 323 



tillites 12, 16, 381 

 timberline 251,292,293 

 time-scale, biologic 231 

 Timor, earthworms 166 

 Tindar 2 



Tindholmur 35, 37 

 Tipula 



lateralis 2 1 2 

 lunata 2 1 2 

 maxima 212 

 Tirolian Alps 248 

 Titicaca, earthworms 131 

 Tofieldia 

 palustris 1 99 

 pusilla 2 1 5 

 tolerance 141,201,202,203 

 Tomentohypnetum involuti 211, 213 

 Torfajokull 357, 362 

 Torngat Glaciation 346, 347 

 Torngat Mts. 340, 342, 343 

 Torngat Peninsula 342 

 transatlantic submarine ridges 24, 25, 394 

 Transcaucasia, earthworms 160 

 trap 29, 30 

 Trapa 226 



natans 1 92 

 Trechus obtusus 83 

 trembling aspen 112 

 tricentric species 313 

 Trichia 1 67 

 Trientalis europaea 3 1 9 

 Trifolium 

 pratense 369, 372 

 repens 1 92 



