14 



CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS 

 THE CERATIUM SPECIES OF THE CARNEGIE COLLECTION 



Systematic List 



I. Subgenus POROCERATIUM 



1. C. praelongum (Lemmermann) Kofoid 



2. C. cephalotum (Lemmermann) Jorgensen 



3. C. gravidum Gourret 



II. Subgenus BICERATIUM 



4. C. digitatum Schutt 



5. C. candelabrum (Ehrenberg) Stein 



6. C. furca (Ehrenberg) Dujardin 



7. C belone Cleve 



8. C. incisum (Karsten) Jorgensen 



9. C. pentagonum Gourret 



subsp. tenerum Jorgensen 

 subsp. pacificum n. subsp. 



10. C. subrobustum (Jorgensen) Nielsen 



11. C. teres Kofoid 



12. C. kofoidii Jorgensen 



13. C. bohmii n. sp. 



14. C. lineatum (Ehrenberg) Cleve 



15. C. setaceum Jorgensen 



ra. Subgenus AMPHICERATIUM 



16. C. geniculat\mi (Lemmermann) Cleve 



17. C. bigelowii Kofoid 



18. C. inf latum (Kofoid) J6rgensen 



19. C. longirostrum Gourret 



20. C. falcatum (Kofoid) Jorgensen 



21. C. extensum (Gourret) Cleve 



22. C. fusus (Ehrenberg) Dujardin 



IV. Subgenus EUCERATIUM 



23. C. tripos (O. F. Muller) Nitzsch 



subsp. atlanticum Ostenfeld 

 subsp. semipulchellum Jorgensen 



24. C. pulchellum Schroder 



25. C. humile Jorgensen 



26. C. breve (Ostenfeld and Schmidt) Schroder 



27. C. compressum Gran 



28. C. euarcuatum Jorgensen 



29. C. filicorne Nielsen 



30. C symmetricum Pavillard 



var. symmetricum (Pavillard) 

 var. coarctatum (Pavillard) 

 var. orthoceros Jorgensen 



31. C. axiale Kofoid 



32. C. aultii n. sp. 



33. C. azoricum Cleve 



34. C. petersii Nielsen 



35. C. arietinum Cleve 



subsp. arietinum (Cleve) 

 subsp. bucephalum (Cleve) 

 subsp. gracilentum (Jorgensen) 



36. C. declinatum Karsten 



37. C. gibberum Gourret 



f. subaequale Jorgensen 



38. C. concilians Jorgensen 



var. subaequale n. var. 



39. C. lunula Schimper 



40. C. carnegiei n. sp. 



41. C. contortum Cleve 



42. C. limulus Gourret 



43. C. paradoxides Cleve 



44. C. platycorne Daday 



45. C. ranipes Cleve 



46. C. macroceros (Ehrenberg) Vanh5ffen 



subsp. macroceros (Ehrenberg) 

 subsp. gallicum (Kofoid) 



47. C. massiliense (Gourret) J5rgensen 



48. C. deflexum (Kofoid) Jorgensen 



49. C. carriense Gourret 



50. C. contrarium (Gourret) Pavillard 



51. C. trichoceros (Ehrenberg) Kofoid 



52. C. vultur Cleve 



var. vultur (Cleve) 

 var. japonicum (SchrSder) 

 var. sumatranum (Karsten) 

 var. pavillardii (Jorgensen) 

 var. regxilare n. var. 

 var. reversum n. var. 

 var. recurvum Jorgensen 



53. C. horridum Gran 



var. horridum (Gran) 

 var. moUe (Kofoid) 

 var. claviger (Kofoid) 



54. C. tenue Ostenfeld and Schmidt 



var. inclinatum (Kofoid) Jorgensen 

 var. tenuissimum (Kofoid) Jorgensen 



55. C. longissimum (Schroder) Kofoid 



56. C. arcticum (Ehrenberg) Cleve 



var. arcticum (Ehrenberg) Cleve 

 var. longipes (Bailey) Gran 

 var. ventricosum Ostenfeld 



57. C. hexacanthum Gourret 



58. C. reflexum Cleve 



Subgenus POROCERATIUM 



1. Ceratlum praelongum (Lemmermann) Kofoid 

 Figure 1, chart 1, appendix table 1 



A rare, strictly tropical species, confined to sta- 

 tions where the surface temperature was over 20° C. 

 Found in the Gulf Stream to where the surface tempera- 

 ture dropped to 20.°5 (station 15); also sporadically in 

 the Sargasso and Caribbean seas. Peters (1934) did not 

 find it farther south than 25° south latitude in the South 

 Atlantic. At Carnegie stations it was foimd as far north 

 as 38.°5 north (station 15). 



In the Pacific Nielsen (1934) reported it at various 

 stations in the South Equatorial Current. Okamura 



(1912) found it at Japan, but it was not reported from the 

 Pacific by Bohm (1931). In the southeastern Pacific, in 

 the Carnegie collections, it was found at one station in 

 the Himiboldt Current (station 69), at two stations south 

 of Easter Island, and at eight scattered stations in the 

 South Equatorial Current. It was found continuously in 

 the two series of stations across the equatorial currents 

 in the central and western Pacific; at one station between 

 Guam and Japan, at two stations off Japan, and at one sta- 

 tion off California. It was not found farther north than 

 latitude 35° north in the North Pacific, nor farther south 

 than 32° south in the South Pacific. It was notably ab- 

 sent from the loop of stations northeast of Hawaii and in 

 the Galapagos-Panama region. 



Ceratiimi praelongum was never found in great num- 

 bers. In the Carnegie collection it was found only at forty 

 stations --seven in the Atlantic and thirty-three in the 

 Pacific. There were sixty-seven records of occurrence, 

 fifty-one of which were rare and sixteen occasional. 

 Forty-nine of the records were from net samples, eight- 

 een from pump samples. 



Ceratlum praelongum Is a shade species according 

 to Nielsen (1934). In the Carnegie collection it was found 

 more frequently at 50 meters than at the surface or 100 

 meters, and more often at 100 meters than at the surface 

 (table 2). Thus, the Carnegie data tend to substantiate 

 Nielsen's classification of this species as a shade form. 



