IV 



PREFACE 



Captain W. J. Peters laid the broad foundation of the 

 work during the early cruises of both vessels, and Captain 

 J. P. Ault, who had had the good fortune to serve under 

 him, continued and developed that which he had so well 

 begun. The original plan of the work was envisioned by 

 L. A. Bauer, the first Director of the Department of Ter- 

 restrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington; 

 the development of suitable methods and apparatus was 

 the result of the painstaking efforts of his co-workers at 

 Washington. Truly, as was stated by Captain Ault in an 

 address during the commemorative exercises held on 

 board the Carnegie in San Francisco, August 26, 1929, 

 "The story of individual endeavor and enterprise, of in- 

 vention and accomplishment, cannot be told." 



Dr. Charles Branch Wilson, the last of that outstand- 

 ing group of great monographers of the marine copepods 

 which included Brady, Dana, Giesbrecht, Sars, and 

 Thomas and Andrew Scott, died August iS, 1941. Thus 

 the printing of this report on the copepods gathered on 

 cruise VII of the Carnegie could not have his super- 

 vision. We are indebted to Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, Cura- 

 tor of the Division of Marine Invertebrates of the United 

 States National Museum, and his associates for certain 

 necessary additions to the manuscript, for reading it, and 

 for clearing up a few questions raised in the editorial 

 revisions by the Office of Publications of the Institution 

 and by Mr. C. C. Ennis of the Department of Terrestrial 

 Magnetism. 



All Dr. Wilson's records and his very complete library 

 of copepod literature were bec|ueathed to the Division of 



Marine Invertebrates, United States National Museum, 

 Washington, D. C. It is hoped thai the recipients of this 

 posthumous work of Dr. Wilsons will continue to con- 

 tribute any publications of their own dealing with cope- 

 pods or marine biology to the Wilson library at the 

 National Museum, in order that it may be kept as up to 

 date as possible. 



It is fitting to quote here Dr. Schmitt's appraisal of this 

 memoir in an obituary notice, where, in referring to the 

 three major manuscripts written by Dr. Wilson during 

 the last decade, he says of this one: "It, perhaps the most 

 important in Dr. Wilson's own opinion, deals with the 

 copepods of the marine plankton taken on the last cruise 

 of the ill-fated nonmagnetic yacht Carnegie. This report, 

 which was submitted for publication several years ago, 

 for the first time in the history of oceanography gives the 

 directly comparable results of simultaneous three-level 

 tows made in all oceans with identical gear, accompanied 

 by full station data, including temperature, salinity, 

 density, phosphates, and hydrogen-ion concentration. In 

 his painstaking tabulation of the species of copepods in 

 every haul and their abundance at each of the three levels 

 investigated, involving the microscopic inspection of 

 many thousands of individual copepods. Dr. Wilson has 

 made available a biologic record of a group of organisms 

 of highest importance in the economy of the seas such as 

 has never been achieved by any marine expedition." 



J. A. Fleming 



Director. Department of Terrestrial Magnetism 



