206 



COPEPODS OF LAST CRUISE OF CARNEGIE 



even without the nocturnal tows, but the attraction cannot 

 be very strong since so many are left in the deeper tows. 



Sapphirina darwinii Haeckel 



[Sapphirlnu cianvinii Haeckel, Ztschr. f. Med. u. Naturwiss., 

 Jena, vul. i, p. 105, pis. 2, 3, 1864.] 



A few specimens were found in a nocturnal 50-meter tow 

 between stations i and 2 in the .\tlantic, and this is the only 

 record for the cruise. In the Siboga plankton this species was 

 captured twice at night, twice in vertical tows from con- 

 siderable depths, and twice at the surface. It is possible that 

 deeper tows might have revealed it at some of the Pacific 

 stations. 



Sapphirina metallina Dana 

 (Figure iii) 



[Sapphirina metallina Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 

 vol. 2, p. 41, 1849; U. S. Exploring Exped., 1838-1842 

 (Wilkes), vol. 14, pt. 2, Crustacea, p. 1242, 1853; pi. 87, fig. 

 •ya-c. 1855.] 



Not found in the Atlantic plankton, and in the Pacific 

 confined chiefly to the western and central regions. It was 

 taken in i surface tow, 11 50-meter tows, and 24 loo-meter 

 tows. It thus shows definite aversion to light, and in the 

 Siboga plankton was found four times in vertical tows from 

 considerable depths. The two inner terminal setae on each 

 caudal ramus are leaflike, with a wide transparent blade on 

 either side of the central shaft. 



Sapphirina nigromaculata Claus 

 [Sapphirina nigromaculata Claus, Die freilebenden Copepoden, 



p. 152, pi. 8, 1863.1 

 Found at eight Atlantic localities, and in the Pacific more 

 numerous in the southeastern and western regions. It was 

 taken in 2 nocturnal and 17 diurnal surface tows, 37 50- 

 meter tows, and 33 100-meter tows. It is, therefore, negative 

 to light, but comes to the surface at night and is often found 

 there in the daytime. 



Sapphirina opalina Dana 



(Figure 112) 

 [Sapphirina opalina Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 

 vol. 2, p. 45, 1849; U. S. Exploring Exped., 1838-1842 

 (Wilkes), vol. 14, pt. 2, Crustacea, p. 1254, 1853; pi. 88, fig. 

 4<7-/, 1855.] 

 Not found in the Atlantic plankton, but present in each 

 of the Pacific regions except the northern, although very 

 widely scattered. It was taken in 2 nocturnal and 3 diurnal 

 surface tows, 13 50-meter tows, and 10 loo-meter tows. This 

 species is also negative to light, coming to the surface at 

 night, and being rarely found there in the daytime. 



Sapphirina ovatolanceolata Dana 



(Figure no) 



[Sapphirina oi'atolanccolata Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and 

 Sci., vol. 2, p. 44, 1849; U. S. Exploring Exped., 1838-1842 

 (Wilkes), vol. 14, pt. 2, Crustacea, p. 1251, 1S53; pi. 87, figs. 

 \$a-c, T6fl, b, 1855.] 



Not found in the Atlantic plankton, and confined to two 

 localities in the Pacific, one in the eastern and the other in 

 the western tropical region. At the western station it was 

 taken in a daytime surface tow, and at the eastern station in 

 a nocturnal 50-nieter tow. The Siboga expedition found this 

 species generally distributed in the Malay Archipelago and 

 elsewhere in the tropical Pacific. 



Sapphirina pyrosomatis Giesbrecht 



[Sapphirina pyrosomatis Giesbrecht, Fauna und Flora des 

 Golfes von Neapel, vol. ig, pp. 619, 641, pi. 52, figs. 12-14, 

 17; pi. 53, figs. 8, 41, 53; pi. 54, figs. 21, 38, 58, 1892.] 



Not found in the Atlantic plankton, and confined to three 

 localities in the southeastern Pacific, all three records being 

 single specimens. It was taken at the surface, once in the 

 night and once in the daytime, and once in the 50-meter 

 tow. Apparently this is the first record from the Pacific 

 Ocean, as it has been reported hitherto only from the 

 Atlantic and Mediterranean. 



Sapphirina salpae Claus 



(Figure loq) 



[Sapphirina salpae Claus, Arch. f. Anat., Physiol., wissensch. 

 Med., Jahrg. 1859, p. 270, 1859.] 



Not found in the Atlantic plankton, but present at four 

 widely separated localities in the Pacific. It was taken once 

 in a nocturnal surface tow and three times in 100-meter 

 tows. Therefore, as far as this meager collection shows, the 

 species is negative to light and comes to the surface at night. 

 Farran (1929, p. 287) recorded it as "frequent ofl New Zea- 

 land," where it was captured at the surface mostly in the 

 night but rarely in the daytime. 



Sapphirina scarlata Giesbrecht 



[Sapphirina scarlata Giesbrecht, Atti R. Accad. Lincei, Rome, 

 ser. 4, vol. 7, sem. i, p. 478, 1891; Fauna und Flora des 

 Golfes von Neapel, vol. ig, pp. 620, 642, pi. 52, figs. 42, 60, 

 61 ; pi. 53, figs. 12, 39, 62; pi. 54, figs. 25, 31, 72, 1892.] 



Found at a single station (34) in the Caribbean Sea, and 

 at four localities in the Pacific. It was taken in i diurnal 

 surface tow, 2 50-meter tows, and 2 loo-meter tows. This 

 meager record suggests aversion to light. This species was 

 reported by Farran (1929, p. 289) ofT New Zealand in the 

 Ternr Notui expedition, but only a few specimens were taken. 



Sapphirina stellata Giesbrecht 



[Sapphirina stellata Giesbrecht, Atti R. Accad. Lincei, Rome, 

 ser. 4, vol. 7, sem. i, p. 478, iSgr; Fauna und Flora des 

 Golfes von Neapel, vol. 19, pp. 620, 643, pi. 52, figs. 7-9; 

 pi. 53, fig.s. 15, 35, 59; pi. 54, figs. 22, 27, 69, 1892.] 



Found at three Atlantic and five Pacific localities, the 

 latter all in the western region. It was taken in i nocturnal 

 and 4 diurnal surface tows, i 50-meter tow, and 3 100-meter 

 tows. A. Scott (1909, p. 259) reported this as the most com- 

 mon and widely distributed species of the genus in the 



