CONTENTS 



T. Laboratory Studies of Seeds and Seedlings. — Outline of the prob- 

 lem. The seed. Exercise 1., The embryo: its form and condition previous 

 to germination. Exercise II., The store of food. The seedling: germina- 

 tion. Exercise III., Vital processes in germination : experiments. Exercise 

 IV., Influence of temperature. Exercise V., Direction of growth of shoot 

 and root. Exercise VI., Development of the seedling. Supplementary 

 topics. Divisions of the vegetable kingdom. The course of study. The 

 members of a complete plant 7-14 



II. Seeds axd Seedlings. — Origin of the seed. The embryo. Store of 

 food. The resting state. Vitality. Conditions of germination. Develop- 

 ment of seedlings. Root hairs. Chlorophyll 15-23 



III. Laboratory Studies of Buds. — Exercise VII., General structure of 

 buds. Exercise VIII., Further examples. Exercise IX., Number and posi- 

 tion of buds. Exercise X., Wintering of buds. Exercise XL, Development, 

 or unfolding. Exercise XII., Non-development. Exercise XIII., Compara- 

 tive vigor. General summary 23-27 



IV. Buds. — Growing buds. Resting buds: formation, resting condition, 

 protection, storage of food. Non-development. Adventitious buds. Defi- 

 nite and indefinite annual growth. Forms of trees. Supplementary work : 

 ecology of buds 27-34 



V. Laboratory Studies of the Root. — Exercise XIV., General mor- 

 phology and gross anatomy. Exercise XV,, Roots for climbing. Exercise 

 XVI., Roots for storage. Supplementary subjects . . . .34,35 



VI. The Root. — Origin. Functions. Action of root hairs. Growing point. 

 Root cap. Roots of epiphytes. Of parasites. Roots as holdfasts. Storage. 

 Duration 36-45 



VII. Laboratory Studies of the Stem. — Exercise XVII., Characteristic 

 external features. Exercise XVIII., Internal structure (monocotyledons, 

 dicotyledons). Exercise XIX., Structure of wood. Exercise XX., Ascent 

 of sap: experiment. Exercise XXL, Geotropism : experiments. Heliotropism. 

 Exercise XXII., Special uses and forms 45-51 



VIII. The Stem. — Composition. Growth. Upright, clambering, climbing 

 stems. Organs for climbing. Movement of tendrils. Acaulescent plants. 

 Creeping stems. Vegetative propagation by means of stems. Stems as 

 foliage. Longevity of trees. Types of adaptation : xerophytes,halophytes, 

 hydrophytes, mesophytes 51-66 



IX. Laboratory Studies of the Leaf. — Exercise XXIII., Activities of 

 the leaf. Experiments on assimilation, respiration, transpiration, helio- 

 tropism, sleep movements, sensitiveness. Exercise XXIV., Parts and struc- 

 ture of the leaf. Experiments on conduction and turgidity. Exercise XXV., 

 Leaf of the Pea. Exercise XXVI., Venation. Exercise XXVIL, Compound 

 leaves. Exercise XXVIII. , Special uses and modifications . . 66-71 



X. The Leaf. — Offices. Form and qualities. Stipules. The petiole; its 

 uses and movements. The '* Sensitive Plant." The blade. Venation. 

 Shape. Influence of natural surroundings. Compounding. Special uses 

 of leaves. Storage. Scales. Spines. Leaves for climbing. Tendril leaf 

 of Cobsea. The Sundew. Pitcher Plants. Bladderwort. Duration of 

 leaves. Defoliation. PhvUotaxy. Technical terms used in description. 



71-99 



5 



