136 



THE FLOWER 



215 216 217 218 



Introrse, or incumhent, when facing inward, that is, toward the 

 center of the flower, as in Magnolia, Water Lily, 

 etc. 



Extrorse, when facing outward, as in the 

 Tulip Tree. 



274- Anthers may become one-celled either by 

 confluence or by suppression. 



275. By confluence, when the two cells run 

 together into one, as they nearly do in most 

 species of Pentstemon (Fig. 216), more so in Monarda (Fig. 219), 

 and completely in the Mallow (Fig. 217) and all the Mallow family. 



276. By suppression in certain cases the anther may be reduced to 

 one cell or halved. In Globe Amaranth (Fig. 218) there is a 

 single cell without vestige of any other. Different species 

 of Sage and of the AVhite Sages of California show various 

 grades of abortion of one of the anther cells, along with a 

 singular lengthening of the connective (Figs. 220-224). 



223 224 225 226 



225, 226. Pollinia : 225, a pair of pollinia of a Milkweed (Asclepias) attached 

 by stalks to a gland; moderately magnified; 226, i:)ollinium of an 

 Orchis (Habenaria), with its stalk attached to a sticky gland, mag- 

 nified ; each of the packets or partial pollinia of which it is made up 

 is composed of a large number of pollen grains. 



Pollinia, — In Milkweeds and in most Orchids all the pollen of an 

 anther cell is compacted or coherent into one mass, called a pollen 

 mass, or Pollixium, plural Pollinia (Figs. 225, 226). 



The Ovule 



277. Ovule (from the Latin, meaning a little Qgg) is the technical 

 name of that which in the flower answers to and becomes the seed. 



278. Ovules are naked in gymnospermous plants (as above de- 

 scribed) ; in all others they are inclosed in the ovary. They may be 

 produced along the whole length of the cell or cells of the ovary, and 

 then they are apt to be numerous ; or only from some part of it, gen- 

 erally the top or the bottom. In this case they are usually few or 

 single {solitary, as in Figs. 228-230). They may be sessile, i.e. without 



