150 



THE FRUIT 



rm 



202 



262, 263. Achenes : 262, 

 of a Thistle, pro- 

 vided with a pap- 

 pus for wiud-dis- 

 semination ; 263, 

 of a Dandelion, 

 the pappus borne 

 on a long beak. 



as it matures tapers iip\Yards into a slender beak, like a stalk to the 



pappus. 



322. A caryopsis, or grain, is like an achene 

 with the seed adhering to the thin pericarp 

 throughout, so that both are incorporated into 

 one body ; as in Wheat, Indian Corn. 



323. A nut is a dry and indehiscent fruit, 

 commonly one-celled and one-seeded, with a 

 hard, crustaceous, or bony wall, such as the 

 Cocoanut, Hazelnut, Chestnut, and the Acorn 

 (Fig. 264). Here the involucre, in the form of 

 a cup at the base, is called the Cupule. In 

 the Chestnut, near relative of the Oak, the 

 cujDule forms the bur; in the Hazel, another 

 relative, a leafy husk. 



324. A samara, or 

 key fruit, is either a 

 nut or an achene, or any 



other indehiscent fruit, furnished with a wing, 

 like that of Ash, and Elm (Fig. 265). The 

 Maple fruit is a pair of keys (Fig. 266). 



325. Dehiscent fruits, or pods, are of two 

 classes, viz., those of a simple pistil or carpel, 



and those of a compound pistil. Two common sorts of the first are 

 named as follows : — 



326. The follicle, a fruit of a simple carpel, 

 which dehisces down one side only, i.e. by 

 the inner or ventral suture. The fruits of 



Marsh Marigold (Fig. 267) 



are of this kind. 



327. The leg- 

 ume or true pod, 

 such as the Pea 

 pod 

 and 

 the 



2Gi. 

 An Acorn. 



265. Samara 

 of the Elm. 



(Fig. 268), 

 the fruit of 

 Leguminous 

 or Pulse family 

 generally, which 

 opens along the 

 dorsal as well as 

 the ventral suture. 

 The two pieces into which it splits are called 

 Valves. A Loment is a legume which is con- 

 stricted between the seeds, and at length breaks 

 up crosswise into distinct joints, as in Fig. 269. 



266. Fruit of the Maple. 



267. Follicle of the Marsh Mari 



gold. 



A Legume. 

 A Loment. 



