APPENDIX 



I. PHANEROGAMIC LABORATORY STUDIES i 



Laboratory outfit. — Each pupil needs a simple microscope. This 

 may be an inexpensive lens, or combination of lenses, mounted over 

 a glass stage, and supplied with light from below by a mirror. Dis- 

 secting microscopes of this sort, of various degrees of excellence, are 

 offered by dealers. (Bausch & Lomb, manufacturers, Rochester, X.Y. ; 

 Queen & Co., manufacturers, Philadelphia ; Franklin Educational Com- 

 pany, and L. E. Knott Apparatus Company, Boston; Cambridge 

 Botanical Supply Company, Cambridge, Mass. ; and others.) Those 

 forms in which the lens is easily removed from the holder, so as to be 

 used as a hand lens, have a decided advantage in examining material 

 that is not readily manipulated on the stage. Lenses that screw into 

 the holder, or frame, are not easily got out for hand use. The 

 best that the school can afford in the way of a dissecting microscope 

 is not too good. On the other hand, even a cheap lens, unmounted, 

 will help one to learn much. 



The outfit for each pupil comprises also a pair of dissecting needles 

 (which may be homemade, from Xo. 10 cambric needles and pine 

 handles) ; a ivell-sharpened knife or scalpel ; and a pair of steel forceps 

 with slender, roughened points. At hand should be a glass of water 

 and a small bottle of iodine solution (see Exercise XL, 2, p. 2^Q). The 

 laboratory should have glass slides and cover glasses, and one or two 

 sharp razors, with means of keeping the latter in good cutting condition. 



The experiments call for various utensils which need not be men- 

 tioned here. 



Notebooks should be of good size (about 8 x 10 inches), so bound as 

 to lie flat when open on the table, and made of a good quality of 

 paper. J. H. Schaffner, of Ohio State University (Columbus), has 

 described (Jour. Appl. Micros., June, 1900) what appears to be a con- 

 venient notebook. Covers, sheets for notes, and sheets for drawings 

 are separate, of the same size, and punched alike. The whole is held 

 together by shoestrings. Dr. Ganong also has designed a notebook. 

 It may be had of the Cambridge Botanical Supply Company. The 

 paper on which drawings are to be made should be a rag paper, at 



iFor Cryptogamic studies, see II., p. 258. Additional implements are 

 there described. 



