PHANEROGAMIC LABORATORY STUDIES 255 



leaves and flowers or fruit. Each must also be accompanied by a label 

 stating the place and date of collection and the name of the collector. 

 The labels should, furthermore, bear distinctive numbers by means of 

 which the specialist, who examines the specimens, can report to the 

 teacher their scientific names in such a manner that they can be readily 

 applied to the duplicating specimens which the teacher has retained 

 under the same numbers. 



Chapter XIlI. — Fruits make most interesting material for compara- 

 tive studies. Preface the laboratory work by a classroom discussion. 



Exercise XXXV. — Wild Indigo. Any leguminous pod is suitable. 

 Wild Indigo (Baptisia tinctoria) is common on dry, sandy soil. Even 

 Pea pods and Bean pods will do. A teacher offers the following sug- 

 gestion. "By collecting pods just as they are about to open, and 

 preserving in formaline, one may keep them indefinitely. When the 

 class is ready for the study of seed dispersal, the pods may be taken 

 from tlie liquid, when they will open just as naturally as in the fall." 

 — Violet. Alcoholic material, if fruit is out of season. — Checkerberry. 

 The fleshy part is calyx and receptacle. — Rose Hip. The cup is hol- 

 lowed receptacle. The " seeds " are the several achenes. 



Exercise XXXVI. — Outgrowth of the Testa. Put the Milkweed 

 and Trumpet Creeper seeds in glass "sample" tubes or small vials, 

 and seal them up for class study. 



Exercise XXXVII. — Illustration i. Staphylea. — Illustration 2. 

 Rumex crispus, though any Rumex will do. — Illustration 3. Bidens, 

 known as " Beggar's Ticks." The subject of this exercise is one that 

 may well be studied further, either in the laboratory from materials 

 which the fields supply in greatest variety, or in the field itself. 



If the course in botany begins in the fall and extends throughout 

 the year, the fruits studied in the field, or at least collected for study 

 by the pupils, will in an interesting way introduce the work on seeds. 



