256 APPENDIX 



11. CRYPTOGAMIC LABORATORY STUDIES 



The following additional utensils and reagents will be needed : — 



Compound microscopes. — Many of the studies in Cryptogams may 

 be profitably carried out with good hand lenses, supplemented by the 

 figures of the descriptive text. But compound instruments wall, of 

 course, be provided when possible. Even a single instrument will be 

 a great gain. The aim should be to have one for each pupil in the 

 laboratory division. The following makes are recommended as trust- 

 W'Orthy; there are others: Bausch & Lomb (Rochester, N. Y., New 

 York, Chicago) ; Leitz (AVilliam Krafft, 411 AYest 59th St., New York) ; 

 Reichert (Richards & Co., 46 Park Place, New York) ; Zeiss (of 

 dealers, e.g. Franklin Educational Co., Boston, and Eimer & Amend, 

 New York). 



Two eye pieces (2-inch and 1-inch) and two objectives (| and | inch), 

 with double iiosejjiece, should be had, at least. For many details in the 

 arrangement of the laboratory and equipment, the teacher should see 

 some laboratory where these matters have been worked out. For the 

 theory and use of the microscope, see " The Microscope," Gage, Com- 

 stock Pub. Co., Ithaca, N. Y^. Practical rules for pupils are given by 

 Peabody (see under Bacteria, p. 257). 



Razors, flat on one side, are needed if pupils make sections them- 

 selves ; together w^ith strops for sharpening (get a barber to hone 

 razors), pith for holding objects sectioned, and cheap camel's-hair 

 brushes for removing sections from razor to slide. 



Alcohol (commercial, diluted one half) may be kept on the table in 

 2-ounce bottles wdth pipettes fitted into the corks. Bottles for potash, 

 glycerine, and iodine, are made with ground glass stoppers drawn out 

 into droppers (1-ounce " dropping bottles " of dealers), for 15-20 cents 

 each. Put two 1-inch pieces of stick potash into bottle, and fill up 

 ■with water. Use glycerine one third strength, and tinge with eosin. 

 Prepare aqueous iodine as before directed (with KI). 



Plants for study. — Material may be bought of supply companies 

 (Cambridge Botanical Supply Co., Cambridge, Mass.; Geo. M. Gray, 

 AVood's Holl, JSIass. ; Ithaca Botanical Supply Co., Ithaca, N. Y.). 

 Slides may be bought of dealers in microscopical accessories. Material 

 collected by the teacher is best preserved in 70 % alcohol. When the 

 habitats of plants recommended for stud}^ are not mentioned in the 

 descriptive text, they are given below, together with the times for col- 

 lecting, the dates given being applicable to New England. 



Books. — Strasburger's text-book wall give the main facts on 

 Cryptogams. Bennett and Murray's ^'Handbook of Cryptogamic 

 Botany " (Longmans, Green & Co., New York, $5.00) gives fuller de- 

 tails. On Algse, see George Murray's " Introduction to the Study of 



