258 APPENDIX 



lines as those drawn by J. E. Peabody in " Laboratory Exercises in 

 Anatomy and Physiology" (Holt & Co., New York ; 60 cents). The 

 study of Bacteria given by Peabody is highly to be recommended. By 

 all means see also Journal of Applied Microscopy for February, 1891 

 (Vol. IV., p. 1161). 



363. Yeast. — Use fresh yeast cake. 



366. Rhizopus. — Use fresh, moist bread. Let each pupil place a 

 piece 1 inch square or so on the bottom of a plain tumbler, or, better, 

 a small crystallizing dish, covering to keep moist, two or three days in 

 advance of use. — For zygospores — hard to get in Khizopus — Sporo- 

 dinia may be used. It is found growing as yellowish, smoky tufts of 

 mold on fleshy fungi in woods. Zygospores may be found on the 

 under side of the pileus of the fleshy fungus. Preserve in alcohol. 



369. Saprolegnaceae. — Allow from four days to a week, according 

 to temperature, for the molds to develop. Or, better, throw in some 

 of the killed seedlings (Tomato, or other small things) and insects on 

 several successive days, beginning a week in advance of use. Zodspo- 

 rangia are more abundant on young material. The zoospores swim 

 away at once in some species, and will not be found near by in a 

 quiescent state. 



372. Peziza, on logs and sticks in woods in summer. 



375. Microsphaera alni, in late summer and in September. Press 

 the leaves. Uncinula, another fungus of the same group, is common 

 on Willow leaves ; another form is on the under side of Horse-chestnut 

 leaves (August, September). — The asci are essentially like those of 

 Peziza. 



377. Toadstool. — Fresh horse dung in bowls, under cake covers (to 

 keep moist), will give Coprinus in about two weeks. Make several 

 lots to be sure of material. Various molds will come up before 

 Coprinus. Wash these down by sprinkling with water after a week. 

 Take the young heads of Coprinus before they open out, in order to 

 section across gills. Or get other material in summer and keep in 

 alcohol. 



379. Lichen. — Physcia stellaris, or any expanded form found on tree 

 trunks. For comparison of habit show such a form as Cladonia 

 cristatella, common in pastures, distinguished by bright scarlet apo- 

 thecia. If time and microscopes permit, study the structure of the 

 thallus further. What are the " green bodies," and what is the nature 

 of the other elements ? 



381. Marchantia. — In fruit (spores) in early summer. Lunularia, 

 known by its crescent-shaped cupules, wiU serve for the living habit 

 and the gemmae of this kind of Liverwort. It is common in green- 

 houses. 



386. Moss. — Polytrichum commune may be found in good condition 

 (sex organs) in May. The fertile shoots are known by the flowerlike 



