SYNOPSIS OF THE ORDERS. 15 



-*- 2. Ovary 1-celled, 1-seeded; trees or shrubs (except some Urticaceae). 



*-*■ Calyx regular, the stameus as mauy as the lobes aud opposite them or 



fewer ; ovary buperior. 



99. Urticaceae (p. 461). Flowers niouoecious, dioecious, or (iu Ulmege) per- 

 fect. Seeds exalbuniiuous or nearly so. Infioresceuce very various. 



*-*• ++ Perianth mostly none ; at least the stamiuate flowers in aments or spikes 

 or dense heads ; albumen none. 



100. Platanacese (p. 466). Trees, with alternate palmately lobed leaves, 

 sheathing stipules, and monoecious flowers in separate globose heads. 

 Ovary superior ; fruit a club-shaped nutlet. 



101. Juglandaccce (p. 467). Trees, with alteruate pinnate leaves, no stip- 

 ules, and moncBcious flowers, the stamiuate iu aments. Ovary inferior ; 

 fruit a nut. 



102. Myricaceae (p. 469). Shrubs, Avith resinous-dotted leaves, with or with- 

 out stipules, and monuicious or dioecious flowers, both kinds in short scaly 

 aments. Ovary superior, becoming a small drupe-like nut. 



-1- 3. Ovary 2 - 7-celled, with 1 or 2 suspended ovules in each cell, becoming 

 1-celled and 1-seeded ; calyx mostly none or adherent to the ovary; trees 

 or shrubs with simple leaves. 



103. Cupuliferae (p. 470). Flowers monoecious. Fruit a nut surrounded l)y 

 an involucre, or (iu Betuleie) a small winged or angled naked nutlet iu 

 the axils of the scales of an ameut. 



H- 4. Ovary 1-celled, becoming a 2-valved pod Avith two parietal or basal pla- 

 centie bearing numerous small comose seeds; perianth none. 



104. Salicaceae (p. 480). Dioecious trees or shrubs, with both kinds of 

 flowers in aments, and simple alternate stipulate leaves. 



•1- 5. Ovary several-celled, becoming a drupe containing 3 - 9 1-seeded nutlets; 

 seed erect; low shrubby heath-like evergreens. 



10.5. Empetraceae (p. 487). Flowers polygamous or dioecious, scaly-bracted. 

 Sepals somewhat petaloid or none. Embryo axile in copious albumen. 



-)- 6. Ovary 1-celled with a suspended ovule, becoming an achene ; calyx none ; 

 aquatic lierbs, with finely dissected whorled leaves. 



106. Ceratophyllaceae (p. 488). Flowxrs monoecious, minute, axillary and 

 sessile. Albumen none ; the seed filled wuth a highly developed embryo. 



Subclass IL GYMNOSPERMOUS EXOGENS. Ovules naked 

 upon a scale, bract, or disk. Cotyledons two or more. 



107. Coniferae (p. 489). Resiniferous trees or shrubs, with mostly awl- 

 shaped or needle-shaped and evergreen leaves, and monoecious or dioecious 

 flowers. 



Class II. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 



Stems without central pith or annular layers, but havinir the woody 

 fibres distributed irregularly through them (a transverse slice showing 

 the fibres as dots scattered through the cellular tissue). Embryo with a 

 single cotyledon and the early leaves always alternate. Parts of the 



