38 RANUNCULACE^. (CROWFOOT FAMILY.) 



acute, greenish (in one variety white and obtuse) ; head of fruit oval or oblong. 

 — Woods and meadows; common. June -August. — Plant 2-3° high; the 

 upright peduncles 6-12' long. 



* * Achenes naked, orbicular, compressed, wing-margined ; sepals 5,obovate; 



involucre sessile. 



7. A. Pennsylvanica, L. Hairy, rather low ; primary involucre 3- 

 leaved, bearing a naked peduncle, and soon a pair of branches or peduncles 

 with a 2-leaved involucre at the middle, v/hich branch similarly in turn ; their 

 leaves broadly wedge-shaped, 3-cleft, cut and toothed ; radical leaves 5-7- 

 parted or cleft ; sepals white (6 - 9" long) ; head of fruit spherical. — W. New 

 Eng. to Penn., 111., and northwestward. June -Aug. 



* * * Achenes rather few, nearly naked, ovate-oblong ; stems slender, \ -flower ed ; 



leaves radical. 



8. A. nemordsa, L. (Wixd-flower. Wood A.) Low, smoothish; 

 stem perfectly simple, from a filiform rootstock ; involucre of 3 long-petioled tri- 

 foliolate leaves, their leaflets wedge-shaped or oblong, and toothed or cut, or 

 the lateral ones (var. quinquefolia) 2-parted ; a similar radical leaf in sterile 

 plants solitary from the rootstock ; peduncle not longer than the involucre ; 

 sepals 4-7, oval, white, sometimes blue, or tinged with purple outside ; carpels 

 only 15-20, oblong, with a hooked beak. — ISIargin of woods. April, ]\Iay. — 

 A delicate vernal species; the flower V broad. (Eu.) 



9. A. nudicaulis, Gray. Glabrous, rootstock filiform; radical leaves 

 reniform, 3-parted, the divisions broadly cuneate with rounded crenate-incised 

 or -lobed summit ; involucre of a single similar petiolate leaf or Avantiug ; 

 achenes glabrous, tipped with a slender-subulate hooked style. — North shore 

 of Lake Superior near Sand Bay, Minn., in bogs. (Joseph C. Jones.) Imper- 

 fectly known. 



3. HEPATIC A, Bill. Liver-leaf. Hepatica. 



Involucre simple and 3-leared, very close to the flower, so as to resemble a 

 calvx ; otherwise as in Anemone. — Leaves all radical, heart-shajjed and 

 3-lobed, thickish and persistent through the winter, the new ones appearing 

 later than the flowers, which are single, on hairy scapes. (Name from a 

 fancied resemblance to the liver in the shape of the leaves.) 



1. H, triloba, Chaix. Leaves with 3 ovate obtuse or rounded lobes 

 those of the involucre also obtuse ; sepals 6-12, blue, purplish, or nearly white 

 achenes several, in a small loose head, ovate-oblong, pointed, hairy. — Woods 

 common from the Atlantic to Mo., Minn., and northward . flowering soon 

 after the snow leaves the ground in spring. (Eu.) 



2. H. acutiloba, DC. Leaves with 3 ovate and pointed lobes, or some- 

 times 5-lobed ; those of the involucre acute or acutish. — Passes into the other 

 and has the same range. 



4. ANEMONELLA, Spach. 

 Involucre compound, at the base of an umbel of flowers. Sepals 5-10, 

 white and conspicuous. Petals none. Achenes 4-15, ovoid, terete, strongly 

 8- 10-ri])bed, sessile. Stigma terminal, broad and depressed. — Low glabrous 

 perennial ; leaves all radical, compound. 



