78 CISTACEiE. (rock-rose FAMILY.) 



pedicels, diffusely racemose-paniculate; sepals without lateral ribs; pod ovoid 

 globose. — Dry, sterile soil, E. Mass. to Mo., and southward. 



•>-*■ ++ Smaller-Jioicered ; fruiting calyx narrower ; pod ellipsoidal. 



5. L. racemulosa, Lam. Erect, soft-pubescent when young, soon nearly 

 glal)rous ; leaves of radical shoots narrowly oblong, the cauline oblong-linear, 

 4 - 6" long ; inflorescence loose and diffuse ; fruiting calyx glabrous. — Dry 

 and rocky soil, Long Island to Ky., and southward. 



Order 14. VIOLACE^E. (Violet Family.) 



Herbs, ivith a somewhat irregular \-spurred corolla of b petals, 5 hypo- 

 gynous stamens with adnate introrse anthers conniving over the pistil, and 

 a 1-celled S-valced pod icith 3 parietal placentce. — Sepals 5, persistent. 

 Petals imbricated in the bud. Stamens with their short and broad fila- 

 ments continued beyond the anther-cells, and often coherent with each 

 other. Style usually club-shaped, with the simple stigma turned to one 

 side. Valves of the capsule bearing the several-seeded placenta? on their 

 middle; after opening, each valve as it dries folds together lengthwise 

 firmly, projecting the seeds. Seeds anatropous, rather large, with a hard 

 seed-coat, and a large and straight embryo nearly as long as the albu- 

 men ; cotyledons flat. — Leaves alternate, with stipules. Flowers axil- 

 lary, nodding. (Roots slightly acrid or emetic.) 



1. Viola. Sepnls auricled. Lower petal spurred. Stamens distinct, the 2 lower spurred. 



2. Solea. Sepals not auricled. Petals equal in length. Stamens united into a sheath. 



3. lonidium. Sepals not auricled. Petals very unequal. Filaments distinct, the anthers 



merely connivent. 



1. VIOLA, Tourn. Violet. IIeart's-ease. 



Sepals extended into ears at the base. Petals somewhat unequal, the lower 

 one spurred at the base. Stamens closely surrounding the ovary, often sliglitly 

 cohering with each other ; the two lower bearing spurs which project into the 

 spur of the corolla. Besides these conspicuous blossoms, which appear in 

 spring, others are produced later (especially in the stemless species), on shorter 

 peduncles or on runners, usually concealed under the leaves ; these never open 

 Dor develop petals, but are fertilized in the bud, and are far more fruitful than 

 the ordinary blossoms. (The ancient Latin name of the genus.) 



§ 1. Perennials ; stipules never leaf like, the lower more or less scarious. 



* Stemless, the leaves and scapes directly from a rootstock or from runners. 



■*- Stigma large, naked, not beaked ; stolons none ; rootstock short and thick. 



1. V. pedata, L. (Bird-foot V.) Xearly smooth ; rootstock erect, not 

 scaly; leaves all 3-5-divided, or the earliest only parted, the lateral divisions 

 2-3-parted, all linear or narrowly spatulate, sometimes 2-3-toothed or cut at 

 the apex; flower large, V broad, pale or deep lilac-purple or blue. — Sandy 

 or gravelly soil, New Eng. to Minn., and southward. — Var. ijicolor, Pursh, 

 a very handsome variety, with the two upper petals deep violet, and as it were 

 velvety, occurs sparingly from Mass. to Md. ; most common in Md., on shale 



