60 VIOLACE^. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 



Var. renifblia, Gray. Slightly or strongly pubesceut with soft spread 

 iug hairs; leaves rouud-reuiform ; petals usually beardless. (V. reuifolia, 

 Gray.) -^ Maiue to Mass., western N. Y., Lake Superior, etc. 



8. V. primulsefdlia, L. (Primrose-leaved V.) Smooth or a little 

 pubescent ; leaves oblong or ovate, abrupt or somewhat heart-shaped at the 

 base ; petals often acute, the lateral ones usually sparingly bearded. — Damp 

 or dry soil, N. Eng. to Fla., toward the coast. 



9. V. lanceolata, L. (Lance-leaved Violet.) Smooth ; leaves lan-^ 

 ceolate, erect, blunt, tapering into a long-margined petiole, almost entire ; 

 petals beardless. — Damp soil ; common, especially eastward. 



== = == Flowers yellow. 



10. V. rotundifolia, Michx. (Round-leaved Violet.) Leaves round- 

 ovate, heart-shaped, slightly crenate ; lateral petals bearded and marked with 

 brown lines; spur very short. — Cold woods, Maine to Minn., and south along 

 the Alleghanies. — Smoothish ; leaves 1' broad at flowering, increasing to 3 

 or 4' in the summer, then lying flat on the ground, sliining above. 



* * Leafy-stemmed ; all perennial with short rootstocks, 



H- Loiv, atjirst nearly stemless ; JJoicers yellow ; stigma concave, bearded. 



11. V. Nuttallii, Pursh. Pubescent or nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate to 

 oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire or slightly crenate, decurrent on the petiole. 

 — Central Kansas and westward. 



•f- -1- Stems erect, without root-leaves , stipules entire ; spur very short ; stigma 



heoMess, pubescent. 



++ Stems naked below ; flowers yellow. 



12. V. pubeseens, Ait. (Downy Yellow v.) Softlv pubescent (6- 

 12' high) ; leaves very broadly heart-shaped, toothed^ somewhat pointed; stip- 

 ules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, large ; lower petals veined with purple, capsule 

 oblong to globular, glabrous or tomentose. — Woods ; common. — Var. sca- 

 BRiiTSCULA, Torr. & Gray, smaller and greener, slightlv pubescent (4-10' 

 high). — R. I. to Ky , and southwestward. 



13. V. hastata, Michx. (Halberd-leaved V.) Nearly glabrous, slen 

 der (4- 10' high) ; stem-leaves halberd-shaped or oblong-heart-shaped, slightly 

 serrate, acute ; stipules ovate, small. — Woods, N. Ohio (near Painesville, 

 Miss Shattuck), mountains of Penn., and soutliward ,• rare. 



++ •*-*■ Stems more leafy and prolonged ; flowers white or purplish 



14. V. Canadensis, L. (Canada V.) Upright (1-2° high); leaves 

 heart-shaped, pointed, serrate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire ; petals white or 

 whitish inside, the upper ones mostly tinged with violet beneath, the lateral 

 bearded. — Rich woods ; common northward and along the Alleghanies. 

 May -Aug. 



■I- H- -I- Stems erect or spreading (at flrst nearly acaulescent) ; stipides fringe- 

 toothed ; spur oblong to cylindrical : stigma naked. 



15. V. striata, Ait. (Pale V.) Stems angular, a.scending (6-10' high); 

 leaves heart shaped, finely serrate, often acute; stipules oblong-lanceolate, 

 large; spur thickish. much shorter than the cream-colored or white petals, the 



