ROSACEiE. (rose FAMILY.) 155 



lanceolate, acute at both ends, coarsely doubly serrate, thin, smooth ; peduncle 

 1 -3-riowered. — Wooded hillsides. Lab. to N. J., west to Minn, and Iowa. Se- 

 pals and petals often 6 or 7. This appears to be more properly a blackberry. 



-*- 4- Stems biennial and wood 11, prickly ; receptacle oblong ; fruit hemispherical. 



5. R. StrigOSUS, Michx. (Wild Red Raspberry.) Stems upright, 

 and with the stalks, etc., beset icith stiff straight bristles (or a few becoming 

 weak hooked prickles), glandular when young, somewhat glaucous ; leaflets 

 3 - 5, oblong-ovate, pointed, cut-serrate, whitish-downy underneath, the lateral 

 ones sessile; petals as long as the sepals; fruit light red. — Thickets and hills, 

 Lab. to N. J., and soutli in the mountains to X. C, west to ]\Iinn. and Mo. 



6. R. occidentalis, L. (Black Raspberry. Thimbleberry.) 

 Glaucous all over; stems recurved, armed like the stalks, etc., ivith hooked 

 prickles, not bristlj ; leaflets 3 (rarely 5), ovate, pointed, coarsely doubly ser- 

 rate, whitened-downy underneath, the lateral ones somewhat stalked ; petals 

 shorter than the sepals ; fruit purple-black (rarely a whitish variety), ripe early 

 in July. — Common, especially northward. — An apparent hybrid (R. neglec- 

 tus. Peck) between this and the last species occurs, with characters intermedi- 

 ate between the two, and growing with them. 



§ 2. Fruit, or collective drupes, not separating from the juicij prolonged recep- 

 tacle, mostly ovate or oblong, blackish; stems prickly and flowers white. — 

 Blackberry. 



7. R. villosus, Ait. (Common or High Blackberry.) Shrubby (1-6° 

 high), furrowed, upright or reclining, armed ivith stout curved prickles; branch- 

 lets, stalks, and lower surface of the leaves hairy and glandular ; leaflets 3 (or 

 pedately 5), ovate, pointed, unequally serrate, the terminal ones somewhat 

 heart-shaped, conspicuously stalked ; flowers racemed, numerous ; bracts short ; 

 sepals linear-pointed, much shorter than the obovate-oblong spreading petals. 

 — Borders of thickets, etc., common, and very variable in size, aspect, and 

 shape of fruit. — Var. froxd6sus, Torr., is smoother and much less glan- 

 dular, with flowers more corymbose, leafy bracts and roundish petals. With 

 the type, more common at the north. — Var. HUMirtTsus, Torr. & Gray, is 

 smaller and trailing, with peduncles few-flowered. More common southward, 

 and connecting with the next species. 



8. R. Canadensis, L. (Low Blackberry. Dewberry.) Shrubby, 

 extensively trailing, slightly prickly ; leaflets 3 (or pedately 5 - 7), oval or ovate- 

 lanceolate, mostly pointed, thin, nearly smooth, sharply cut-serrate; flowers 

 racemed, with leaf-like bracts. — Dry fields, common; Newf. to ^"a., west to 

 central Minn, and E. Kan. 



9. R. hispidus, L. (Running Swamp-Blackberry.) Stems slender, 

 scarcely woody, extensively procumbent, beset with small reflexed prickles ; leaf- 

 lets 3 (or rarely pedately .5), smooth, thickish, mostly persistent, obovate, obtuse, 

 coarsely serrate, entire toward the base ; peduncles leafless, several flowered, 

 often bristly ; flowers small; fruit of few grains, black. — In low woods or 

 swampy grassy ground, N. Scotia to Ga., west to Minn, and E. Kan. 



10. R. cuneifolius, Pursh. (Sand Blackberry.) Shrubby (1-3*' 

 high), upright, armed with stout recurved prickles , branchlets and lower side of 

 the leaves whitish-woolly ; leaflets 3-5, wedge-obovate, thickish, serrate above; 



