214 CORNACE^. (dogwood FAMILY.) 



as long as the albumen, loith large foliaceous cotyledons. — Including two 

 genera, of which Xyssa is partly apetalous. Bark bitter and tonic. 



1. Cornus. Flowers perfect, 4-merous. Leaves mostly opposite. 



2. IVyssa. Flowers dioeciously polygamous, 5-merous. Leaves alternate. 



1. CORNUS, Tourn. Cornel. Dogwood. 



Flowers perfect (or in some foreign species dioecious). Calyx minutely 4- 

 toothed. Petals 4, oblong, spreading. Stamens 4; filaments slender. Style 

 slender ; stigma terminal, flat or capitate. Drupe small, with a 2-celled and 

 2-seeded stone. — Leaves opposite (except in one species), entire. Flowers 

 small, in open naked cymes, or in close heads surrounded by a corolla-like 

 involucre. (Name from cornu, a horn; alluding to the hardness of the wood.) 



§ 1 . Floivers greenish, in a head or close cluster, surrounded by a large and showy, 

 A-leaved, corolla-like, white or rarely pinkish involucre ; fruit bright red. 



1. C. Canadensis, L. (Dwarf Cornel. Bunch-berry.) Stems low 

 and simple (5-7' high) from a slender creeping and subterranean rather woody 

 trunk ; leaves scarcely petioled, the lower scale-like, the upper croAvded into 

 an apparent whorl in sixes or fours, ovate or oval, pointed ; leaves of the invo- 

 lucre ovate ; fruit globular. — Damp cold woods, N. J. to lud. and i\Iinn., and 

 the far north and west. June. 



2. C. florida, L. (Flowering Dogwood.) Tree 12-40° high; leaves 

 ovate, pointed, acutish at the base; leaves of the involucre obcordate (1^' long) : 

 fruit oval. — Dry woods, from S. New Eng. to^Ont. and S. Minn., south to Fla. 

 and Tex. May, June. Very sho^vy in flower, scarcely less so in fruit. 



§ 2. Flowers ichite, in open fat spreading cymes ; involucre none ; fruit spherical; 

 leaves all opposite {except in n. 9). 



* Pubescence woolly and more or less spreading. 



3. C. eircinata, L'Her. (Round-leaved Cornel or Dogwood.) 

 Shrub 6 - 10° high ; branches greenish, warty -dotted ; leaves round-oval, abruptly 

 pointed, woolly beneath (2 -5' broad); cymes flat; /"nnV light blue. — Copses, 

 in rich or sandy soil, or on rocks, X. Scotia to the Dakotas, south to Va. and 

 Mo. June. 



4. C. sericea, L. (Silky Cornel. Kinnikinnik.) Shrub 3-10° 

 high ; branches purplish ; the branchlets, stalks, and lower surface of the nar- 

 rowly ovate or elliptical pointed leaves silky-downy (often rusty), pale and dull; 

 cymes flat, close; calyx-teeth lanceolate; fruit pale blue. — Wet places, Canada 

 to the Dakotas, south to Fla. and La. June. 



5. C. asperif61ia, Michx. Branches brownish; the branchlets, etc., rough- 

 pubescent ; leaves ublong or ovate, on short petioles, pointed, rough with a harsh 

 pubescence above, and downy beneath ; calyx-teeth minute ; fruit white. (C. 

 Drummondii, ^fey.) — Dry or sandy soil, N. shore of L. Erie to Minn, and the 

 Gulf. May, June. A rather tall shrub. 



* * Pubescence closely appressed, straight and silky, or none. 



6. C. stolonifera, Michx. (Red-osier Dogwood.) Branches, espe- 

 cially the osier-like shoots of the season, bright red-purple, smooth; leaves ovate, 

 rounded at base, abruptly short-pointed, roughish with a minute close pubescence 



