224 RUBiACE^. (madder family.) 



less rosulate, not ciliate. — Eocky or gravelly ground, Maine to Minn., south 

 to Ga. and Mo. ; also northward. 



Var. tenuifolia, Gray. Slender, lax, diffuse, 6- 12' high, with loose in- 

 florescence, and almost filiform branches and peduncles; cauline leaves all 

 linear, hardly over 1" wide. — 8. E. Ohio to Va., N. C, and Tenn. 



Var. ealycosa, Gray. Almost 1° high; leaves broadly lanceolate, thick- 

 ish; calyx-lobes elongated (2-4" long), much surpassing the pod. — From 

 111. (Hall) to Ark. and N. Ala. 



6. H. angustifolia, Michx. Stems tufted from a hard or woody root , 

 leaves narrowly linear, acute, 1 -ribbed, many of them fascicled ; flowers crowded, 

 short-pedicelled ; lobes of the corolla densely bearded inside ; pod ohovoid, acute 

 at base,onlij its summit free, opening first across the top, at length through the 

 partition. — Barrens, 111. to Kan., south to Tex., Tenn., and Fla. 



2. OLDENLANDIA, Plumier. 



Calyx 4-lobed, persistent. Corolla short, in our species wheel-shaped ; the 

 limb 4-parted, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4 ; antliers short. Style 1 or none ; 

 stigmas 2. Pod thin, 2-celled, many-seeded, opening loculicidally across the 

 summit. Seeds very numerous, minute and angular. — Low herbs, with small 

 stipules united to the petioles. (Dedicated to the memory of Oldenland, a 

 German physician and botanist, who died early at the Cape of Good Hope.) 



1. O. glomerata, Michx. An inconspicuous, pubescent or smoothish, 

 branched and spreading annual (2-12' high) ; leaves ovate to oblong; flowers 

 in sessile axillary clusters; corolla nearly Avheel-shaped (white), much shorter 

 than the calyx. — Wet places, near the coast, N. Y. to Fla. and Tex. 



3. CEPHALANTHUS, L. Buttox-blsh. 



Calyx-tube inversely pyramidal, tlie limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular", 4- 

 toothed ; the teeth imbricated in the bud. Style thread-form, much protruded. 

 Stigma capitate. Fruit dry and hard, small, inversely pyramidal, 2-4-celled, 

 at length splitting from the base upward into 2-4 closed 1 -seeded portions. — 

 Shrubs, with the white flowers densely aggregated in spherical peduncled heads. 

 (Name composed of Ke(pa\-f}, a head, and &v6os, a Jloicer.) 



1. C. OCCidentalis, L. Smooth or pubescent ; leaves petioled, ovate or 

 lanceolate-oblong, pointed, opposite or whorled in threes, with short intervening 

 stipules. — Swamps and along streams, throughout the continent. July, Aug 



4. MITCHELL A, L. Partridge-berry. 



FloAvers in pairs, with their ovaries united. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla fun- 

 nel-form, 4-lobed ; the lobes spreading, densely bearded inside, valvate in the 

 bud. Stamens 4. Style 1 ; stigmas 4, linear. Fruit a berry-like double drupe, 

 crowned witli the calyx-teeth of the two flowers, witli 4 small seed-like bony 

 nutlets to each flower. — A smooth and trailing small evergreen herb, with 

 round-ovate and shining petioled leaves, minute stipules, white fragrant flow 

 ers often tinged with purple, and scarlet edible (but nearly tasteless) ber- 

 ries, which remain over winter. Flowers occasionally 3-6-merous, always 

 dimorphous ; all those of some individuals having exserted stamens and in- 

 eluded stigmas ; of others, included stamens and exserted style. (This very 



