226 RUBiACE^. (madder family.) 



very numerous, paniculate, yellow ; fruit usually smooth. — Dry fields, E. Mass. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



G. MoLLUGO, L. Perennial, smooth throughout ; stems erect or diffuse, 

 2 or 3° long; leaves 8, or 6 on the branchlets, oblanceolate to nearly linear; 

 flowers very numerous in ample almost leafless panicles; fruit smooth. — 

 Roadsides and fields, N. Y. and Penn. (Nat. from Eu.) 



G. AxGLicuM, Huds. Annual, slender, diffuse, seldom 1° high, glabrous; 

 leaves 5-7, oblanceolate to nearly linear (3" long), their margins and the 

 angles of the stem spinulose-scabrous ; flowers rather few, cymulose on leafy 

 branches, greenish-white, very small ; fruit glabrous, more or less tuberculate 

 — Roadsides, Bedford Co., Va. (Curtiss). (Nat. from Eu.) 



G. tric6rne, With. Annual, resembling G. Aparine, rather stout, with 

 simple branches ; leaves 6 or 8, oblanceolate, cuspidate-mucronate, the margins 

 and stem retrorsely prickly-hispid ; flowers mostly in clusters of 3, dull white; 

 fruits rather large, tuberculate-granulate, not hairy, pendulous. — Fields, east- 

 ward. (Nat. from Eu.) 



§ 2. Indigenous species ; fruit dry. 



* Annual; leaves about 8 in a whorl; peduncles 1 -3-Jlowered, axillary ; fruit 



bristly with hooked prickles. 



1. G. Aparine, L. (Cleavers. Goose-Grass.) Stem weak and re- 

 clining, bristle-prickly backward, hairy at the joints ; leaves lanceolate, taper- 

 ing to the base, short-pointed, rough on the margins and midrib (1-2' long) ; 

 flowers white. — Shaded grounds, throughout the continent ; probably as an 

 introduced plant eastward. 



* * Perennials ; leaves in 4's, comparatively large, and broad {narrower in n. 7 



a7id 8), not cuspidate-pointed, more or less distinctly 3-nerved ; fruit uncinate- 

 hispid [except in n. 6 and 7). 



-«- Peduncles loosely S - several-flowered ; flowers dxdl purple to yellowish-white. 



2. G. pilosum, Ait. Hairy; /eares oya/, dotted, hairy (1' long), the lat- 

 eral nerves obscure; peduncles 2-3-forked, the flowers all pedicelled. — Dry 

 copses, R. I. and Vt. to 111., E, Kan., and southward. 



Var. punetieuldsum, Torr. & Gray. Almost glabrous ; leaves varying 

 to elliptical-oblong, hispidulous-ciliate. — Va. to Tex, 



3. G. Kamtschaticum, Steller. Stems weak, mainly glabrous (1° 

 high); leaves orbicular to oblong-ovate, thin (i-1' long), slightly pilose; 

 flowers slenderly pedicellate; corolla glabrous, yellowish-ichite, not turning 

 dark, its lobes merely acute. (G. circaszans, var. montanum, Torr. cf- Gray.) — 

 Higher mountains of N. Eng., L. Canada, and far westward. (Asia.) 



4. G. eircsezans, Michx. (Wild Liquorice.) Smooth or downy (1° 

 high) ; leaves oval, varying to ovate-oblong, mostly obtuse, ciliate (1-1^' long) ." 

 peduncles usually once forked, the branches elongated and widely diverging in 

 fruit, bearing several remote flowers on very short lateral pedicels, reflexed in 

 fruit; lobes of t\ie greenish corolla hairy outside, acute or acuminate. — Rich 

 woods, N. Eng. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex. 



5. G. lanceol^tum, Torr. (Wild Liquorice.) Nearly glabrous; 

 leaves (except the lowest) lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering to the apex (2' 

 long) ; corolla glabrous, yellowish turning dull purple, lobes more acuminate ; 

 otherwise like the last. — Dry woods, N. Eng. to N. Mich, and Minn. 



6. G. Iatif61ium, Michx. Smooth (1 - 2° high) ; leaves lanceolate or 

 ovate-lanceolate , acute (2' long), the midrib and margins rough ; cymes panicled, 



