COMPOSITE. (composite FAMILY.) 235 



Tribe IX. CYNAKOIDE^. Flowers all tubular and perfect (the outer ray-like and 

 neutral in n. 82). Involucre much imbricated. Anthers caudate, long-appendaged 

 at tip. Style-branches short or united, obtuse, unappendaged, smooth, with often a 

 pubescent ring below. Pappus mostly bristly. — Leaves alternate. 

 * Aehenes attached by the base. Flowers all alike, 

 t- Leaves not prickly. Style-branches partly distinct. Filaments glabrous. 



78. Arctium. Involucral scales hooked at the tip. Pai)pus of short rough bristles. 



I- f- Leaves prickly. Style-branches coherent, usually a pubescent ring below. 



79. Cnicus. Pappus-bristles plumose. Receptacle densely bristly. 



80. Carduus. Pappus- bristles not plumose. Receptacle densely bristly. 



SL Onopordon. Pappus-bristles not plumose. Receptacle deeply honeycombed. 

 * * Aehenes attached obliquely. Marginal flowers often enlarged and ray-like. 



82. Centaurea. Involucral scales appendaged. Pappus double and bristly, or very shun 



or none. 



Series II. LIGULIFLOR^. Tribe x. cichokiace^. 



Corolla ligulate in all the flowers of the head, and all the flowers per- 

 fect. — Herbs, with milky juice. Leaves alternate. 



* Pappus none. 



83. L.aiapsana. Involucre cylindrical, of 8 scales in a single row, 8 - 12-flowere(i. 



* * Pappus chaffy, or of both chaff and bristles. 



84. Krigia. Involucre simple, not calyculate. Pappus of both chaff and bristles. 



85. Cichorium. Involucre double. Pappus a small crown of many bristle-form scales. 



* * * Pappus plumose. 



86. Tragopogon. Involucre simple, not calyculate. Aehenes long-beaked. Stems leafy 



87. Lieontodon. Involucre calyculate. Aehenes fusiform. Leaves radical. 

 SB. Pieris. Outer involucral scales spreading. Aehenes terete. Stems leafy. 



* * * * Pappus composed entirely of capillary bristles, not plumose. 



•♦- Aehenes not flattened, columnar or terete, often slender. 



•M- Aehenes not beaked. 



= Flowers yellow or orange. 



89. Hieracium. Involucre Imbricated. Pappus tawny. Pilose perennials. 



90. Crepis. Involucral scales in one row. Pappus white, soft. Not pilose. 



= = Flowers white or cream-color or pinki.sh. Involucre calyculate. 



91. Prenantlies. Aehenes short, blunt. Pappus tawny or brown. Stems leafy and heads 



often nodding. 



92. Liygodesmia. Aehenes long, tapering. Pappus white. Stems nearly leafless ; heads 



erect. Western. 



■H- ** Aehenes beaked (sometimes beakless in n. 03). Flowers yellow, 



93. Troximon. Scapose. Involucre loosely imbricated. Aehenes 10-ribbed. 



94. Taraxacum. Scapose. Involucre calyculate. Aehenes 4- 5-ribbed. 



95. Pyrrhopappns. Scapose or branched. Pappus reddish, the base surrounded by a 



soft villous ring. 



96. Chondrilla. Stem branching, leafy. Involucre few-flowered, calyculate. Pappus 



white. 



t- ••- Aehenes flat or flattish. Pa])pus white, fine and soft. Involucre imbricated. Leafy- 

 stemmed, with panicled heads. 



97. Liactuca. Aehenes more or less beaked. Flowers yellow or purplish. 

 93. Sonchus. Aehenes flattish, not at all beaked. Flowers yellow. 



11 



