COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 247 



rate aud tapering to the base ; heads few, iu a wand-like raceme or panicle, on 

 slender bracted pedicels; rays about 10, elongated; scales of the pubescent in- 

 volucre lanceolate or linear-awl-shaped, the outer loose and spreading, more or 

 less foliaceous. — 8. W. 111. to Kan. and southward. — The name is misleading, 

 as the leaves are hardly petioled. 



* * Involucral scales without green tips and icholly appressed, 



•^ Heads small (3" long), clustered along the stem in the axils of the feather- 

 veined leaves, or the upper forming a thijrse. 



++ Achenes pubescent. 



3. S. CSSSia, L. Smooth; stem terete, mostly glaucous, at length much 

 branched and diffuse; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, serrate, pointed, 

 sessile ; heads in very short clusters, or somewhat racemose-pauicled on the 

 branches. - Rich ;voodlands, common; west to S. E. Minn., 111., and Ky. 



4. S. iatifdlia, L, Smooth or nearly so ; stem angled, zigzag, simple or 

 paniculate-branched (1-3° high); leaves broadly ovate or ovcd, very strongly 

 and sharply serrate, conspicuously pointed at both ends (thin, 3-6' long) ; heads 

 in very short axillary clusters, or the clusters somewhat prolonged at the end 

 of the branches ; rays 3-4. — Moist shaded banks ; common northward, aud 

 south along the mountains. 



5. S. Curtisii, Torr. & Gray. Smooth or nearly so ; stem angled, usually 

 branched ; leaves oblong to long-lanceolate with narrowed entire base, serrate 

 above with subulate teeth ; heads in small, loose clusters ; rays 4 -7. — Open 

 woods at low elevations in the mountains of Va. and southward. 



++ ++ Achenes glabrous ; inflorescence more thyrsoid. 



6. S. bicolor, L. Hoary or grayish icith soft hairs; stem mostly simple ; 

 leaves oblong or elliptical-lanceolate, acute at both ends, or the lower oval aud 

 tapering into a petiole, slightly serrate ; clusters or short racemes from the axils 

 of the upper leaves, forming an interrupted spike or crowded panicle; scales 

 very obtuse ; rays (5 - 14) small, cream-color or nearly white. — Var. concolor, 

 Torr. & Gray, has the rays yellow. — Dry copses, west to Minn, and Mo. 



7. S. monticola, Torr. & Gray. Nearly glabrous; stem slender, 1-2° 

 high ; leaves oblong-ovate to lanceolate, acute or tapering at both ends, the 

 lower sparingly serrate ; heads small, the scales acutish; rays 5-6. — Alle- 

 ghany Mts., from Md. southward. 



-1- •(- Heads mostly large (smaller in n. 12), many floivered , forming an erect ter- 

 minal thyrse ; leaves feather-veined. 



•w. Leaves numerous, short, sessile, entire, uiiiform in size and shape; icesfern. 



8. S. Bigel6vii, Gray. Cinereous-puberulent, 2° high ; leaves oval and 

 oblong, mostly obtuse at both ends ; thyrse rather loose ; involucre broad. — 

 S. Kan. and southward. Probably running into the next. 



9. S. Lindheimeriana, Scheele. Less puberulent ; leaves lanceolate 

 or ol)long, more acute ; heads narrower and more densely clustered ; achenes 

 glabrous. — S. Kan. and southward. 



++ ++ Northern or mountain species, bright green. 



10. S. inacropli;;^lla, Pursh. 5'^em s^m^i (1-4° high), ?ranc?-//Ae, pubes- 

 cent near the summit, simple ; leaves thin, ovate, irregularly and coarsely serrate 



