COMPOSITE. (composite FAMILY.) 263 



44. A. prenanthoides, Muhl. Stem 1-3° high, corym])ose-i)auided, 

 hairy above in Hues ; leaves rough above, smooth uuderueath, ovate-hvnceolate, 

 sharply cut-toothed iu the middle, conspicuously taper-poiuted, and rather ab- 

 ruptly narrowed to a long contracted entire portion, which is abruj)tly dilated 

 into a conspicuously auricled base; heads mostly 4" high, on short diver- 

 gent peduncles ; scales narrowly linear, tips recurved-spreading , ravs light 

 blue. — Borders of streams and rich woods, W. New Eng. to Peun., Iowa, and 

 Wise. 



4.5. A. puniceus, L. Stem tall and stout 3-7° high, rough-hairy all 

 over or in lines, usually purple below, panicled above ; leaves ol)long-lauceolate 

 not narrowed or Init slightly so to the auricled base, coarsely serrate to spar 

 ingly denticulate in the middle, rough above, nearly smooth beneath, j)ointed , 

 heads 4 - 6" high, subsessile ; scales narrowly linear, acute, loose, eejual, in aboui 

 2 rows; rays long and showy (lilac-blue, paler in shade). — Low thickets and 

 swamps, very common. — Var. L.i:vicAULis, Gray ; stem mostly green, smooth 

 and naked below, sparsely hirsute above, 1-3° high; leaves serrate. — Var. 

 LUcfDCLUS, Gray; the very leafy stems glabrous or sparingly hispidulous; 

 leaves lanceolate, entire or slightly denticulate, glabrous and somewhat shin- 

 ing; heads usually numerous, the scales less loose and less attenuate. 

 § 4. DQilLLINGERIA. Pappus rnanifestl y double, the inner of long capillary 



bristles (some thickened at top), the outer of very short and rigid bristles; 



scales short, without herbaceous tips ; heads small, corymbose or solitary ; 



rays rather feiv, ichite ; leaves not rigid, veiny. 



46. A. umbellatus, Mill. Smooth, leafy to the top (2 - 7° high) ; leaves 

 lanceolate, elongated, taper-pointed and tapering at the base (3 - 6' long) ; heads 

 very numerous in compound flat corymbs ; involucral scales rather close, ob- 

 tusish, scarcely longer than the achenes. (Diplopappus umbellatus, Torr. ^ 

 Gray.) — Moist thickets; common, especially northward. Aug. — Var. pu- 

 BEXS, Gray ; the lower surface of the leaves and the branchlets tomentulose. 

 Upper Mich, to Minn. — Var. latif6lils, Gray; with shorter leaves ovate- 

 lanceolate to ovate, less narrowed or even rounded at base. (D. amygdalinus, 

 Torr. <j- Gray.) Pine barrens, etc., N. J., Penn., and southward. 



47. A. infirmus, Michx. Stem slender, often flexuous, 1-3° high, less 

 leafy, bearing few or several heads on divergent peduncles ; leaves obovate to 

 ovate or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base and ciliate, the midrib hairy be- 

 neath; scales more imbricated, thicker and more obtuse; pappus more rigid. 

 (D. cornifolius, Darl.) — Open woodlands, E. Mass. to Tenn., and southward. 



§ 5. lANTHE. Pappus less distinctly double, the inner of bristles not thickened 

 at top, the outer shorter ; scales icell imbricated, appressed, without herbaceous 

 tips; rays violet; achenes narrow, villous; leaves numerous, rigid, small, 

 linear, l-nerved and veinless. 



48. A. linariifolius, L. Stems 3-20' high, several from a woody root; 

 heads solitary or terminating simple branches, rather large ; leaves about 1' 

 long, rough-margined, passing above into the rigid acutish scales. (D. linarii- 

 folius, Hook.) — Dry soil, common. Sept., Oct. Ray rarely white. 



§ 6. ORTHOMERIS. Pappus simple , scales imbricated, appressed, ivithout 

 herbaceous tips, often scarious-edged or dry. Perennial, as all the preceding. 



