COMPOSITE. (composite FAMILY.) 269 



§ 2. GAMOCH^TA. Bristles of the pappus united at the very base into a 

 ring, so falling off all together. 



5. G. purpureum, L. (Purplish Cudaveed.) Annual, simple or 

 branched from the base, ascending (6-20' high), silvery-canescent with dense 

 white wool ; leaves oblong-spatulate, obtuse, not decurrent, green above ; heads 

 in sessile clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, and spiked at the wand-like 

 summit of the stem ; scales tawny, the inner often marked with purple. — 

 Sandy or gravelly soil, coast of Maine to Va., and southward. 



34. ADENOCAULON, Hook 



Heads 5- 10-flowered ; the flowers all tubular and with similar corollas ; the 

 marginal ones pistillate, fertile; the others perfect but sterile. Involucral 

 scales few, equal, in a single row, not scarious. Receptacle flat, naked. An- 

 thers caudate. Achenes elongated at maturity, club-shaped, beset with stalked 

 glands above; pappus none. — Slender perennials, with the alternate thin and 

 petioled leaves smooth and green above, white-woolly beneath, and few small 

 (whitish) heads in a loose panicle, beset with glands (whence the name, from 

 aZi]u, a gland, and KavKos, a stem). 



1. A. bicolor. Hook. Leaves triangular, rather heart-shaped, with angu 

 lar-toothed margins ; petioles margined. — Moist woods, shore of Lake Supe- 

 rior, and westward. Stem I -3° high. 



35. INULA, L. Elecampane. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; disk-flowers perfect and fertile. Involucre 

 imbricated, hemispherical, the outer scales herbaceous or leaf-like. Recep- 

 tacle naked. Anthers caudate. Achenes more or less 4-5-ribbed; pappus 

 simple, of capillary bristles. — Coarse herbs, not floccose-woolly, with alternate 

 simple leaves, and large yellow flowers. (The ancient Latin name.) 



I. Helexium, L. (Elecampane.) Stout perennial (.3-5° high); leaves 

 large, woolly beneath ; those from the thick root ovate, petioled, tlie others 

 partly clasping ; rays very many, narrow, — Roadsides and damp pastures. 

 Aug. — Heads very large. Root mucilaginous. (Xat from Eu.) 



36. POLYMNIA, L. Leaf-Cup. 



Heads broad, many-flowered, radiate , rays several (rarely abortive), pistil- 

 late; disk-flowers perfect but sterile. Involucral scales in two rows ; the outer 

 about 5, leaf-like, large and spreading; the inner small and membranaceous, 

 partly embracing the thick triangular-obovoid achenes. Receptacle flat, mem- 

 branous-chaffy. Pappus none. — Tall branching perennial herbs, viscid-hairy, 

 exhaling a heavy odor. Leaves large and thin, opposite, or the uppermost 

 alternate, lobed, and with dilated appendages like stipules at the base. Heads 

 in panicled corymbs. Flowers light yellow; in summer and autumn. (Dedi- 

 cated to the Muse, Polyhymnia, for no obvious reason.) 



1. P. Canadensis, L. Clammi/-hairi/,2-5° high; lower leaves deeply 

 pinnatifid, the uppermost triangular-ovate and 3 - 5-lobed or angled, petioled ; 

 heads small; rays 5, obovate or wedgeform, shorter than the involucre, often mi- 

 nute or abortive, whitish-yellow ; achenes 3-costate, not striate. — Moist shaded 

 ravines, Conn, to W. Yt., Minn., and southward. — Yar. radiXta, Gray ; ligules 

 more developed, 3-lobed. 3-6" long, wliitish. Ul. to Kan., and southward 



