COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 279 



* * * Involucre looser, the scales more acuminate or elongated or foliaceous ; 



disk yellow {anthers dark). 

 •4- Leaves all opposite, sessile, serrulate ; pubescence rather soft. 



9. H. mollis, Lam. Stem simple, leafy to the top (2-3° high) ; leaves 

 ovate to lanceolate, with broad cordate clasping base, pointed; scales lanceo- 

 late, seldom exceeding the disk. — Dry barrens, Ohio to Iowa and southward, 

 -t- H- Leaves mostlij alternate and 3-nerved, soft-pubescent beneath, scabrous above ; 



scales verif long and loose, hairy ; tips of chaff and corolla-lobes hirsute. 



10. H. tomentosUS, Michx. Stem hairy, stout (4-8° high); leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate, or the lowest ovate, tapering at both ends, obscurely serrate, 

 large (5-12' long), somewhat petioled; disk 1' broad; rays 12-16, about V 

 long. — Rich woods, 111. (?), Va., and southward along the mountains. 



-»--«- H- Leaves narrow, chiejly alternate, not 3-nerved, scabrous both sides ; heads 

 rather small ; scales loose, attenuate. 



11. H. grosse-serratus, Martens. Stem smooth and glaucous, %-\(P 

 high; leaves elongated-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, sharply 

 serrate or denticulate, acute or attenuate at base, petioled, often whiter and 

 finely pubescent beneath ; scales lance-awl-shaped, slightly ciliate. — Dry 

 plains, Ohio to S. Dak. , Mo. , and south westward. — Probably runs into the 

 next. 



12. H. giganteUS, L. Stem hairy or rough (3-10^ liig^i), branched 

 above; leaves lanceolate, pointed, minutely serrate or nearly entire, green both 

 sides, narrowed and ciliate at base, but nearly sessile ; scales long, linear-lan- 

 ceolate, pointed, hairy or strongly ciliate. — Var. ambiguus, Torr. & Gray; 

 leaves mostly opposite and closely sessile by an obtuse base ; perhaps ahyl)rid 

 with n. 17. — Low thickets and swamps ; common. Heads somewhat corymbed ; 

 the pale yellow rays 15-20; roots often becoming tuber-like. 



13. H. Maximiliani, Schrad. Resembling the last ; stout, often simple, 

 1-10° high ; leaves becoming rigid and very scabrous, entire or sparingly den- 

 ticulate ; heads rather large, usually short-peduncled, terminal and in the upper 

 axils ; scales longer attenuate, more rigid. — Prairies, Minn, to Tex. 



M- ^- +- ^- Leaves all or most of them opposite, 3-nerved (faintly in n. 15). 

 ++ Heads very small (about \" broad) ; rays 5-8; scales feiv, short, irregularly 

 imbricated, the outer with spreading foliaceous pointed tips; stems smooth. 



14. H. parvifldrus, Bemh. Stesja 3-6° high, with numerous slender 

 branches above; leaves thin, ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, somewhat serrate, 

 petioled, i-ough above, pale and puberulent beneath ; peduncles slender, rough ; 

 scales ovate and ovate-lanceolate, ciliate. (H. microcephalus, Torr. Sf Gray.) 

 — Thickets, renn. to 111., and southward. 



15. H. Isevigatus, Torr. & Gray. Stem slender (1 -6° high), simple or 

 sparingly branched, glaucous, glabrous throughout, as well as the slightly ser- 

 rate lanceolate leaves which are usually narrow^ ar-.''. attenuate to the base. — 

 Dry soil, Alleghany ]Mts., and southward. 



•*-«• ++ Heads larger ; rays usually over 10; spreading by creeping rootstocks. 

 = Leaves sessile or subsessile to short-petiolate, serrulate or entire. 



16. H. doronicoides, Lam. Finely pubescent and roughish, 3-7° 

 high ; leaves sessile, ovate-oblong, acute, triply-nerved above the broadly cuneate 



