COMPOSITE. (composite FAMILY.) 28o 



'— •»- Heads Homeichat nodding, commonly radiate; leaves sessile, undivided. 

 3. B. c6rnua, L. (Smaller Bur-Marigold.) Nearly smooth {'/-3° 

 high) ; leaves lanceolate, uneqnallij serrate, scarcel ij connate ; heads noddiuff, 

 witii or icitlwut (light yellow) raijs; outer involucre longer than tlie head; 

 achenes wedge-obovate, 4-awned, the margins downwardly barbed. — Wet 

 places, N. Eng. to Va., Mo., Minn., and northward. July -Sept. — Rays, 

 if any, smaller than in n 4, and the outer inyolucre more leaf-like. (Eu.) 



4 B. Chrysanthemoides, Michx. (Larger Bur-Marigold.) Smooth, 

 erect, or reclining at the base (6' -2° high) ; leaves lanceolate, tapering at both 

 ends, more or less connate, regularli/ serrate , outer involucre mostly shorter 

 than the shoicij golden-ijeUow (!' long) rays: achenes wedge-shaped, with al- 

 most prickly downwardly barbed margins; awns 2, 3, or 4. — Swamps; com- 

 mon Aug -Oct 



* * Achenes linear, 4-sided, the inner longer and tapering upward. 



5 B. bipinnata, L (Spanish Needles.) Smooth annual, branched ; 

 leaves 1 - 3-pinnately parted, petioled , leaflets ovate-lanceolate, mostly wedge- 

 shaped at the base ; heads small, on slender peduncles ; outer involucre of linear 

 scales equalling the short pale yellow rays , achenes 4-grooved and angled, 

 nearly smooth, 3 -4-awned. — Damp soil, K. I. to N. Y., 111., and southward. 



*• * * Achenes terete, truncate at both ends, with 3-6 very long aicns smooth below. 



6 B. Beckil, Torr. (Water Marigold.) Aquatic, perhaps perennial, 

 smootli ; stems long and slender; immersed leaves crowded, capillary, many 

 times dissected, tlie few emerging ones lanceolate, slightly connate, toothed ; 

 heads single, short-peduncled ; involucre much shorter than the showy (golden 

 yellow) rays; aclienes thickish, smooth (^' long), the stout divergent awns 

 (r long) barbed only toward the apex — Ponds and slow deep streams, Mass 

 to N. J., Mo., and northward. Aug. -Oct 



57. THELESPERMA, Less. 



Heads many-flowered ; rays about 8, neutral, or none. Involucre as in Co- 

 reopsis, the inner connate to the middle, scarious-margined. Receptacle flat, 

 the scarious chaff falling with the nearly terete wingless and beakless achenes ; 

 pappus of 2 stout subulate retrorsely hispid awns. — Smooth herbs, with oppo- 

 site dissected leaves and pedunculate heads of yellow flowers. (From driK-i], a 

 nipple, and a-Trepfia, seed, on account of the papillose achenes.) 



1. T. graeile, Gray. Perennial, rather rigid, 1-2° high; leaves with 

 narrow or filiform divisions or the upper entire , outer scales very short ; rays 

 short or usually none ; achenes papillose. — Kan., south and westward. 



68. BALD WIN I A, Nutt. 



Heads globular, many-flowered, radiate ; the long and narrowly wedge-shaped 

 rays neutral. Involucre short, of many thickish small scales imbricated in 3 or 

 4 rows, the outer obovate and obtuse. Receptacle strongly convex, with deep 

 honeycomb-like cells containing the obconical or oblong silky-villous achenes; 

 pappus of 7 - 9 lance-oblong erect chaffy scales. — A perennial herb, smoothish, 

 with slender simple stems (2-3° highj, bearing alternate oblauceolate leaves, 



