286 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



and a large showy long-pedunculate head. Rays yellow (1' long); the disk 

 often turning dark purple. (Named for the late Dr. William Baldwin.) 

 1 . B. uniflora, Nutt. — Borders of swamps, Va. ( ? ) and southward. Aug. 



59. M A.IISHALLIA, Schreb. 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular and perfect, the corolla-lobes slen- 

 der and spreading. Involucral scales linear-lanceolate, foliaceous, erect, in one 

 sr two rows, nearly equal. Receptacle convex or conical, witli narrowly linear 

 rigid chaff. Achenes top-shaped, 5-angled ; pappus of 5 or 6 membranaceous 

 and pointed chaffy scales. — Smooth and low perennials, with alternate entire 

 3-nerved leaves, and long-pedunculate heads (like those of a Scabious) termi- 

 nating the simple stem or branches. Flowers purplish ; anthers blue. (Named 

 for Humphreij Marshall, of Pennsylvania, author of Arhiistmn Americanum^ 

 one of the earliest works on the trees and shrubs of this country.) 



1. M. latifolia, Pursh. Stems leafy; leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed, 

 sessile. — Dry soil, Va. and southward. 



2. M. csespitosa, Nutt. Stem commonly leafy only at base; leaves 

 narrowly oblanceolate «"o linear or the radical spatulate, obtuse. — Kan. to Tex. 



60. G A L I N S 6 G A, Ruiz & Pavon. 



Heads several-flowered, radiate ; rays 4 - .5, small, roundish, pistillate. Invo^ 

 lucre of 4 or 5 ovate thin scales. Receptacle conical, witb narrow chaff. 

 Achenes angled ; pappus of small oblong cut-fringed chaffy scales (sometimes 

 wanting). — Annual herbs, with opposite triple-nerved thin leaves, and small 

 heads; disk yellow; rays whitish. (Named for (zo/Z^so^/a, a Spanish botanist.) 



G. parvifl6ra, Cav. Smoothish (1° high) ; leaves ovate, acute, somewhat 

 toothed; scales of the pappus 8-16. — Waste places, especially eastward; 

 spreading from year to year. (Adv. from S. Amer. ) 



61. HYMENOPAPPUS, L'Her. 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular and perfect, with large revolute 

 corolla-lobes. Involucral scales 6-12, loose and broad, thin, the upper part 

 petal-like (usually white). Receptacle small, naked. Achenes top-shaped, 

 with a slender base, striate ; pappus of 15-20 blunt scales in a single row, 

 very thin (whence the name of the genus, from v/jL-fjif, membrane, and irdinros, 

 pappus.) — Biennial or perennial herbs, with alternate mostly dissected leaves, 

 and corymbed small heads of usually whitish flowers. 



* Pappus of very small roundish nerveless scales. 



1. H. SCabiosabUS, L'Her. Somewhat flocculent-woolly when young, 

 leafy to the top (1-3° high); leaves 1 -2-pinnately parted into linear or ob- 

 long lobes; involucral scales roundish, mainly whitish. — Sandy barrens, 111. 

 and southward. May, June. 



2. H. COrymbbsus, Torr. & Gray. More slender, glabrate, naked 

 above; scales obovate-oblong, petaloid at apex. — Neb. to Ark. and Tex. 



* * Pappus oj" conspicuous spatulate l-nerved scales; involucre greener. 



3. H. tenuifolius, Pursh. Slightly tomentose or glabrate, leafy, 1 - 2° 

 high ; divisions of the leaves narrowly linear or filiform, revolute ; involucral 

 scales obovate-oblong; achenes long-villous. — Neb. to Ark. and Tex. 



