292 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



lary. — A low perennial, with horizontal creeping rootstocks, sending up simple 

 scaly scapes in early spring, bearing a single head, and producing rounded- 

 heart-shaped angled' or toothed leaves later in the season, woolly when young. 

 Flowers yellow. (Name from tussis, a cough, for which the plant is a reputed 

 remedy.) 



T. Farfara, L. — Wet places, and along brooks, N, Eng., N. Y., and Penn. ; 

 thoroughly wild. (Nat. from Eu.) 



73. PETASITES, Touru. Sweet Coltsfoot. 



Heads many-tlowered, somewhat dioecious; in the substerile plant with a 

 single row of ligulate pistillate ray-flowers, and many tubular sterile ones in 

 the disk ; in the fertile plant wholly or chiefly of pistillate flowers, tubular or 

 distinctly ligulate. Otherwise as Tussilago. — Perennial woolly herbs, with 

 tlie leaves all from the rootstock, white-woolly beneath, the scape with sheath- 

 ing scaly bracts, bearing heads of purplish or whitish fragrant flowers, in a 

 corymb. (The Greek name for the coltsfoot, from ireraaos, a broad-brimmed 

 hat, on account of its large leaves.) 



* Pistillate Jloicers ligulate ; Jlowers whitish. 



1. P. palm^ta, Gray. Leaves rounded, somewhat kidney-form, palmately 

 and deeply 5 - 7-lobed, the lobes toothed and cut. (Nardosmia palmata. Hook.) 

 — Swamps, Maine and Mass. to Mich , Minn., and northwestward ; rare. 

 April, May. — Full-grown leaves 6-10' broad. 



2. P. sagittata, Gray. Leaves deltoid-oblong to reniform-hastate, acute 

 or obtuse, repand-dentate. — N. Minn, and westward. 



* * Ligules none ; Jiowers purplish. 



P. VULGARIS, Desf. Rootstock very stout: leaves round-cordate, angulate- 

 dentate and denticulate. — About Philadelphia. (Nat. from Eu.) 



74. ARNICA, L. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; rays pistillate. Scales of the bell-shaped 

 involucre lanceolate, equal, somewhat in 2 rows. Receptacle flat, fimhrillate. 

 Achenes slender or spindle-shaped ; pappus a single row of rather rigid and 

 stronglv roughened-denticulate bristles. — Perennial herbs, chiefly of moun- 

 tains and cold northern regions, with simple stems, bearing single or corymbed 

 large heads and opposite leaves. Flowers yellow. (Name thought to be a 

 corruption of Pfarmica.) 



1. A. Chamissbnis, Less. Soft-hairy; stem leafu (1 -2° high), bearing 

 I to 5 heads; leaves thin, yemy, smoothish when old, toothed; the upper ovate- 

 lanceolate, closely sessile, the lower narrower, tapering to a margined petiole ; 

 scales pointed ; pappus almost plumose. (A. mollis. Hook.) — N. Maine, moun- 

 tains of N. H. and northern N. Y., shores of L. Superior, and westward. July. 



2. A. nudicauHs, Nutt. Hairy and rather glandular (1-3° high); 

 leaves thickish, 3-5-nerved, ovate or obloufj, all sessile, mostly entire and near 

 the root, the cauline small and only one or two pairs ; heads several, corymbed. 

 showy. — Damp pine barrens, S. Penn. and southward. April, May. 



75. SENECIO, Tourn. Groundsel. 



Heads many-flowered , rays pistillate, or none ; involucre cylindrical to bell- 

 shaped, simple or with a few bractlets at the base, the scales erect-connivent 



