294 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



7. S. lugens, Richards. Like the last ; leaves usually repand- or callous 

 denticulate ; heads usually smaller, with mostly black-tipped scales. — Subarc. 

 Amer. to New Mex., iu the mountains; reported from Minn, and N. Iowa. 



* * * Root perennial ; heads large and often solitary. 



8. S. Pseudo-Arnica, Less. Loosely white-wooll}^ sometimes becom- 

 ing glabrous ; stem stout, 6-12' high, leafy to the top ; leaves oblong, repand, 

 tapering into a narrow petiole-like base ; heads 1-4, over an inch in diameter ; 

 rays 20 or more, large. — Grand Manan Island, off Maine {Prof. Verrill), to 

 Lab., and northward. 



76. C AC A LI A, L. Indian Plantain. 



Heads .5 - many-flowered ; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Involucral 

 scales iu a single row, erect-connivent, with a few bractlets at the base. Recep- 

 tacle naked. Corolla deeply 5-cleft. Achenes oblong, smooth ; pappus of 

 numerous soft capillary bristles. — Smooth and tall perennial herbs, with alter- 

 nate often petioled leaves, and rather large heads, in flat corymbs. Flowers 

 white or whitish. (An ancient name, of uncertain meaning.) 



* Involucre 2b - ^d flowered , with, several bracts at its base; receptacle fat. 



1. C. SUaveolenS, L. Stem grooved (.3-5° high); leaves triangnlar- 

 ianceolate, halberd-shaped, pointed, serrate, those of the stem on winged pet- 

 ioles. — Rich woods, Conn, to Mich., Iowa, and southward ; rare. Sept. 



* * Involucre h-leaved and bfowered,its bracts minute or none ; receptacle bear- 

 ing a more or less evident scale-like pointed appendage in the centre. 



2. C. reniformis, Muhl. (Great Indian Plantain.) Not glaucous; 

 stem (4-9° high) grooved and angled; leaves green both sides, dilated fan- 

 shaped, or the lowest kidney form (1-2° broad), repand-toothed and angled, 

 palmately veined, petioled ; the teeth pointed; corymbs large. — Rich damp 

 woods, N. J. to 111., Minn., and southward along the mountains. Aug. 



3. C. atriplicifolia, L. (Pale Indian P.) Glaucous; stem terete 

 (3-6° high) ; leaves palmately veined and angulate-lobed, the lower triangular- 

 kidney-form or slightly heart-shaped, the upper rhomboid or wedge-iorm, toothed. 

 — Rich woodlands, western N. Y. to Wise, Minn., and southward. Aug. 



4. C. tuberosa, Nutt. (Tuberous Indian P.) Stem angled and grooved 

 (2-6° high), from a thick or tuberous root; leaves green both sides, thick, 

 strongly b-1-nerved ; the lower lance-oi'ate or oval, nearly entire, tapering into 

 long petioles ; the upper on short margined petioles, sometimes toothed at the 

 apex. — Wet prairies, etc., Ohio to Wise, Minn., and southward. June. 



77. ERECHTITES, Raf. Fireweed. 



Heads many-flowered; the flowers all tubular and fertile; the marginal pis- 

 tillate, with a slender corolla. Scales of the cylindrical involucre in a single 

 row, linear, acute, with a few small bractlets at the base. Receptacle naked. 

 Achenes oblong, tapering at the end; pappus copious, of very fine and white 

 soft hairs. — Erect and coarse annuals, of rank smell, with alternate simple 

 leaves, and paniculate-corymbed heads of whitish flowers. (The ancient name 

 of some species of Groundsel, probably called after KrechtJieus.) 



