olp:acp:.1':. (olive family.) 335 



— Shrubs or small trees, the leaves toninionly turning ye/lowish in drying, 

 and furnishing a yellow dye. Flowers in axillary clusters or racemes, yellow. 

 (Name (r6/unr\oKos, connected, from the union of the stamens.) 



I- S. tinct6ria, L'Her (IIorse-Slgah, &c.) Leaves elongated-ohlong, 

 acute, ol)sciirely toothed, thickish, almost })ersistent, niinutelv pubescent and 

 pale beneath ('5 - 5' long) ; flowers 6-14, in close and bracted clusters, odor- 

 ous. — Rich ground, Del. to Fla. and La. April. — Leaves sweet, greedilv 

 eaten by cattle. 



Order 65. OLEACE^]. (Olive Family ) 



Trees or sknihs, ivith opposite and pinnate or simple leaves, a A-cle/l (or 

 sometimes obsolete) cali/x, a regular A-cleft or nearly or quite A-petalous 

 corolla, sometimes apetalous ; the stamens only 2 {rarely or accidentally 3 

 or 4) ; the ovary 2-celled, with 2 {rarely more) ovules in each cell. — Seeds 

 anatropous, with a large straight embryo in hard fleshy albumen, or 

 without albumen. — The Olive is the type of the true Oleacea?, to which 

 belongs the Lilac (Syrinya), etc.; and the Jessamine {Jasminum) rep- 

 resents another division of the order. 



Tribe I. FKAXINE^. Fruit dry, indehiscent, winged, a samara. Leaves pinnate. 



1. Fraxinus. Flowers dioecious, mostly apetalous, sometimes also without calyx. 

 Tribe II. OLEINE^. Fruit, a drupe, or rarely a berry. Leaves simple. 



2. Forestiera. Flowers apetalous, dioecious or polygamous, from a scaly catkin-like bud. 



Stamens 2 - 4. 



3. Chionanthus. Flowers complete, sometimes polygamous. Calyx and corolla 4-meron8, 



tlie latter with long and linear divisions. 



4. Ligrustrum. Corolla funnel-ftirm, 4-cleft, the tube longer than the calyx. 



1. FRAXINUS, Tourn. A.sh. 



Flowers polygamous or (in our species) dioecious. Calyx small and 4-cleft, 

 toothed, or entire, or obsolete. Petals 4, or altogether wanting in our species. 

 Stamens 2, sometimes 3 or 4 ; anthers linear or oblong, large. Style single; 

 stigma 2-cleft. Fruit a 1 - 2-celled samara or key-fruit, flattened, winged at 

 the apex, 1 - 2-seeded Cotyledons elliptical; radicle slender. — Light timber- 

 trees, with petioled pinnate leaves of 3-1.5 either toothed or entire leaflets; 

 the small flowers in crowded panicles or racemes from the axils of last year's 

 leaves. (The classical Latin name.) 



* Leaflets pet lolnlate ; anthers linear-oblong ; calyx small, persistent. 



■*- Fruit icinged only at the upper part of the terete or nearly terete body. 



1. F. Americana, L. (White Ash.) Branchlets and petioles glabrous ; 

 leaflets 7-9, ovate- or lance-oblong, pointed, pale and either smooth or pubes- 

 cent underneath, entire or sparingly serrate or denticulate; /rw/f (about 1^' 

 long) marginless below, abruptly ddated into a lanceolate, olilanceolate, or icedge- 

 linear iving 2 or 3 times as long as the terete cylindraceous body. — Rich or 

 moist woods, common from the Atlantic to Minn., E. Neb. and Kan. April, 

 May. — A large and very valuable forest tree, with gray furrowed bark, smooth 

 gray branchlets and rusty-colored buds. Monoecious flowers rarely occur. 



