47*6 ccPcLlFEii.E. (oaK: family.) 



or sessile ; cup round-ovate, thin, with rugged scales, almost covering the depressed- 

 globose acorn (8-10" long). — Kiver swamps, S. E. Mo. to S. Incl., Teun., N. C, 

 and southward. — A large tree, with flaky bark; intermediate between n. 3 

 and n. 5. 



* * Leaves coarsely sinuate-toothed , but not lobed (except slightly in n. 5), whitish 

 and more or less downy beneath ; cup hoary, hemisphericalor a little depressed, 

 about half as long as the oblong-ovoid edible acorn. — Chestnut-Oaks. 



5. Q. bicolor, Willd. (Swamp White Oak.) Leaves obovate or 

 oblong-obovate, wedge-shaped at base, coarsely sinuate-crenate and often rather 

 pinnatijid than toothed, usually soft-downy and white-hoary beneatli, the main 

 primary veins 6-8 pairs, lax and little prominent; ixuitmg peduncle much 

 longer than the petiole; upper scales of the cup awn-pointed, sometimes form- 

 ing a mossy -fringed margin; acorn scarcely 1' long. — Borders of streamaj 

 and swamps, 8. Maine to Out., Minn., and PI Kan., and south in the moun- 

 tains to N. Ga. — A large tree, with flaky bark. 



6. Q. Michauxii, Nutt. (Basket-Oak. Cow^-Oak.) Leaves (5-6' 

 long) oval or obovate, acute, obtuse or even cordate at base, regularly dentate 

 (commonly not deeply), ra^Aer rigid, usually very tomentose beneath; stamens 

 usually 10; fruit short-peduncled ; cup shallow, tuberculate Avith hard and 

 stout acute scales, without fringe ; acorn \Y long. (Q. Prinus, var ]Mich- 

 auxii, Chapm.) — Borders of streams and swamps, Del. to Fla., and in the 

 west from S. Ind. to Mo., and south to the Gulf. — A large and valuable tree, 

 with gray flaky bark and large sweet edible acorns. Intermediate forms ap- 

 pear to connect wdth n. 5, of which Dr. Eugelmann considered it a sub- 

 species. 



7. Q. Prinus, L. (Chestnut-Oak.) Leaves thick, varying, obovate or 

 oblong to lanceolate, sometimes acuminate, ivith an obtuse or acute base, imdu- 

 lately crenate-toothed, pale and minutely downy beneath, the main primary ribs 

 10-16 pairs, straight, prominent beneath; ivmtmg peduncles shorter than the 

 petioles, often very short ; cup thick (6-12" wide), mostly tuberculate with hard 

 and stout scales; acorn large (sometimes 1 - 1^' long). (Incl. var. monticola, 

 Michx.) — Rocky banks and hillsides, E. Mass. to N. Y. and Ont., and south in 

 the mountains to N. Ala. A large tree, with thick and deeply furrowed bark, 

 rich in tannin. 



8. Q. Muhlenbergii, Engelm. (Yellow Oak. Chestnut-Oak.) 

 Leaves (5-7' long) slender-petioled, often oblong or even lanceolate, usually 

 acute or pointed, mostly obtuse or roundish at base, almost equably and rathei 

 sharply toothed ; cup subsessile, shallow, thin, of small appressed scales, 5 - 7' 

 broad; acorn globose or obovate, 7-9" long. (Q. Prinus, Aar. acuminata, 

 Michx.) — Dry hillsides and rich bottoms, Mass. to Del., along the mountains 

 to N. Ala., west to Minn., E. Neb., and Tex. — Leaves more like those of the 

 Chestnut than any other; the primary veins very straight, impressed above 

 prominent beneath. A tall tree, Avith thin flaky bark. 



9. Q. prinoides, Willd. Like the last, but of /ozc s to /!?< re (usually 2 -4° 

 high), with smaller more undulate leaves on shorter petioles (.3-6'' long), and 

 deeper cups with more tumid scales. (Q. Prinus, var. humilis, ^farsh.) — Same 

 range as last. Apparently quite distinct at the east^ Avhere it is very Ioaa'", but 

 running ^nto Q. ]Muhlenbergii at the far Avest. 



