CONIFERS. (pine family.) 491 



to N. Ga., western N. Y. and E. Ky. — A tree 30-80° high, with very rough 

 dark bark and hard resinous wood ; sterile flowers shorter ; scales 6-8. 

 •*- •*- Leaves in twos (some in threes in n. 4 and 7). 



4. P. piingens, Michx. f. (Table Mountain Pine.) Leaves stout, short 

 (1:1 -2^' long), crowded, bluish, the sheath short (very short on old foliage); 

 cones ovate (3^ long), the scales armed with a strong hooked spine (|' lone-). — 

 Alleghany Mts., Penn., to N. C. and Tenn. — A rather small tree (20 - 60' 

 high) ; cones long-persistent. 



5. P. inops, Ait. (Jersey or Scrub Pine.) Leaves short (H-3' long) . 

 cones oblong-conical, sometimes curved (2-3' long), the sca/es tipped ivith a 

 straight or recurved awl-shaped prickle. — Barrens and sterile hills, Long Island 

 to S. C, mostly near the coast, west through Ky. to S. Ind. — A straggling 

 tree at the east, 15-40° high, with spreading or drooping brauchlets; larger 

 westward. Young shoots with a purplish glaucous bloom. 



6. P. Banksiana, Lambert. (Gray or Northern Scrub Pine.) Leaves 

 short {V long), oblique, divergent; cones conical, oblong, usually curved (l|-2' 

 long), smooth, the scales pointless. — Barren sandy soil, S. Maine and N. Vt. 

 to S. Mich., central Minn., and northward. Straggling shrub or low tree. 



7. P. mitis, Michx. (Yellowy Pine.) iycayes sometimes in threes, //-om 

 long sheaths, slender (3-5' long); cones ovate- or oblong conical (barely 2' 

 long), the scales with a minute weak prickle. — Usually dry or sandy soil, Staten 

 Island to Fla., S. Ind., S. E. Kan. and Tex. — A straight tree, 50-100° high, 

 with dark green leaves more soft and slender tban the preceding. The west- 

 ern form has more rigid leaves and more tubei'culate and spiny cones. 



* * Cones terminal ; leaves long and slender, in ticos or threes. 



8. P. resinosa, Ait. (Red Pine.) Leaves in ^it-os from long sheaths, 

 elongated (5 - 6' long), dark green ; cones ovate-conical, smooth [about 2' long), 

 their scales slightlij thickened, pointless; sterile flowers oblong-linear (6-9" 

 long), subtended by about 6 involucral scales which are early deciduous by 

 an articulation above the base. — Dry woods, Mass. to X. Penn., Mich., and 

 Minn., and northward. — A tall tree, with reddish, rather smooth bark and 

 hard wood, not very resinous. 



9. P. pallistris, Mill. (Long-leaved, Yellow, or Georgia Pine.) 

 Leaves in threes from long sheaths, verg long (10- 15'), crowded at the summit 

 of very scaly branches ; sterile flowers 2| - 3' long, rose-purple ; cones large, 

 cylindrical or conical-oblong (6-10' long), the thick scales armed ivith a short 

 recurved spine. (P. australis, M^ichx.) — Sandy soil, S. Va. to Fla. and Tex. 

 A large tree, with thin-scaled bark and exceedingly hard and resinous wood. 



2. PICE A, Link. Spruce. 



Sterile flowers axillary (or sometimes terminal) on branchlets of the preced- 

 ing year ; anthers tipped with a rounded recurved appendage, their cells open- 

 ing lengthwise. Fertile catkins and cones terminal; cones maturing the first 

 year, pendulous : their scales thin, not thickened nor prickly-tipped, persistent. 

 Leaves scattered, needle-shaped and keeled above and below (4-sided), pointing 

 every way. Otherwise nearly as in Pinus. (The classical Latin name.) 



1. P. nigra, Link. (Black Spruce.) Branchlets pubescent ; leaves, short 

 [usuallv 4 - 8" loner), either dark green or glaucous-Avhitish • cunen ovate or ovnit> 



