CONIFERS. (pine FAMILY.) 493 



1. L. Americana, Michx. (American or Black Larch. Tamarack. 

 IIackjiatack.) Leaves short; cones ovoid (6-9" long), of few rounded 

 scales, arranged in f order. — Chiefly in cold swami)s, N. Penn. to N. Ind. and 

 central Minn., and far northward. A slender tree, 30- 100° high, with hard 

 and very resinous wood. 



6. TAXODIUM, Richard. Bald Cypress. 



Flowers monoecious, the two kinds on the same branches. Sterile flower* 

 spiked-panicled, of few stamens; filaments scale-like, sliield-shaped, bearing 

 2-5 anther-cells. Fertile catkins ovoid, in small clusters, scaly, with a pair 

 of ovules at the base of each scale. Cone globular, closed, composed of very 

 thick and angular somewhat shield-shaped scales, bearing 2 angled seeds at 

 the base. Cotyledons 6-9. — Trees, with narrow linear 2-ranked light and 

 deciduous leaves ; a part of the slender leafy branchlets of the season also de- 

 ciduous in autumn. (Name compounded of to|os, tlie yew, and etSos, resem- 

 blance, the leaves being Yew-like.) 



\. T. distichum, Kichard. (American- Bald Cypress.) Leaves linear 

 and spreading ; also some awl-shaped and imbricated on flowering branchlets. 

 — Swamps, S. Del. to S. 111. and ^lo., and southward, where it is a very large 

 and valuable tree. March, April. 



7. CHAMJECYPARIS, Spach. White Cedar. Cypress. 



Flowers monoecious on different branches, in terminal small catkins. Sterile 

 flowers composed of shield-shaped scale-like filaments bearing 2-4 anther-cells 

 under the lower margin. Fertile catkins globular, of shield-shaped scales de- 

 cussate in pairs, bearing few (1-4) erect bottle-shaped ovules at base. Cone 

 globular, firmly closed, but opening at maturity ; the scales thick, pointed or 

 bossed in the middle ; the few angled or somewhat winged seeds attached to 

 their contracted base or stalk. Cotyledons 2 or -3. — Strong-scented evergreen 

 trees, with very small and scale-like or some awl-shaped closely appressed- 

 imbricated leaves, distichous l)ranchlets, and exceedingly durable wood. (From 

 Xafxai, on the ground, and Kvirdpicraos, c //press.) 



1. C. sphseroidea, Spach. (White Cedar.) Leaves minute, pale, 

 ovate or triangular-awl-shaped, often with a small gland on the back, closely 

 imbricated in 4 rows; anther-cells 2 under each scale; cones small (3-5" in 

 diameter) of about 3 pairs of scales; seeds slightly winged. (Cupressus thy- 

 oides, L.) — Swamps, S. Maine to Fla. and Miss. A tree 30-90° high, the 

 wood and fibrous shreddy bark, as Avell as foliage, much as in Arbor VitSB. 



8. THUYA, Toum. Arbor Vit^. 



Flowers mostly monoecious on different branches, in very small terminal 

 ovoid catkins. Stamens with a scale-like filament or connective, bearing 4 

 anther-cells. Fertile catkins of few imbricated scales, fixed by the base, each 

 bearing 2 erect ovules, dry and spreading at maturity. Cotyledons 2. — Small 

 evergreen trees, with very flat 2-ranked spray, and closely imbricated, small, 

 appressed, persistent leaves ; these of two sorts, on different or successive 

 branchlets ; one awl-shaped ; the other scale-like, blunt, short, and adnate to the 

 branch. (&via or Qva, the ancient name of some resin-bearing evergreen.) 



