494 CONIFERS, (pine family.) 



1. T. OCCidentalis, L. (Arbor Vit^. White Cedar.) Leaves ap 

 pressed-inibricated in 4 rows on the 2-edged branehlets ; scales of the cones 

 pointless ; seeds broadly winged all round. — Swamps and cool rocky banks, 

 N. Brunswick to Penn., along the mountains to X. C, west to Minn. A tree 

 20 " 50° high, with pale shreddy bark, and light, soft, but very durable v/ood. 



9. JUNIPERUS, L. Jumper. 



Flowers dioecious, or occasionally monoecious, in very small lateral catkins 

 Anther-cells 3-6, attached to the lower edge of the shield-shaped scale. Fer 

 tile catkins ovoid, of 3 -6 fleshy coalesceuc scales, each 1-ovuled, in fruit form- 

 ing a sort of berry, which is scaly-bracted underneath, bluish-black with white 

 bloom. Seeds 1 -3, ovate, wingless, bony. Cotyledons 2. — Evergreen trees 

 or shrubs, with awl-shaped or scale-like rigid leaves, often of two shapes in § 2. 

 (The classical name.) 



§ 1. OXYCEDRUS. Aments axillarji/ ; leaves in whorls of ^, free and jointed 

 at base, linear-subulate, prickly -pointed, channelled and white glaucous above. 



1. J. communis, L. (Common Juniper.) Shrub or small tree, with 

 spreading or pendulous branches; leaves rigid, more or less spreading (5-9" 

 long) ; berry dark blue (3" or more in diameter). — Dry sterile hills, common. 



Var. alplna, Gaud., is a decumbent or prostrate form, with shorter (2-4" 

 long) less spreading leaves. — Maine to Minn., and northward. 



§2. SABIXA. Aments terminal; leaves mostly opposite, of two forms, i.e., 

 awl-shaped and loose, and scale-shaped, appressed-imbricated and crowded, 

 the latter with a resiniferous gland on the back. 



2. J. Sablna, L., var. prOCUmbens, Pursh. A procumbent, prostrate 

 or sometimes creeping shrub ; scale-like leaves acute ; berry on short recurved 

 peduncles, 3 - 5" in diameter. — Rocky banks, borders of swamps, etc., N. Eng. 

 to N. Minn., and northward. 



3. J. Virginiana, L. (Red Cedar or Savin.) From a shrub to a tree. 

 60-90° high, pyramidal in form; scale-like leaves obtuse or acutish, entire; 

 berries on straight peduncles, about 3" in diameter. — Dry hills or deep swamps 

 common. Bark shreddy, and heart-wood red and aromatic. 



10. TAXUS, Tourn. Yew. 



Flowers mostly dioecious, or sometimes monoecious, axillary from scaly buds ; 

 ihe sterile small and globular, formed of a few naked stamens ; anther-celk 

 3-8 under a shield-like somewhat lobed connective. Fertile flowers solitary, 

 scaly-bracted at base, consisting merely of an erect sessile ovule, with an annu 

 lar disk, which becomes cup-shaped around its base and at length pulpy and 

 berry-like, globular and red, nearly enclosing the nut-like seed. Cotyledons 2. 

 — Leaves evergreen, flat, mucronate, rigid, scattered, 2-ranked. (The classical 

 name, probably from to^ov, a bow : tlie wood anciently used for bows.) 



1. T. Canadensis, Willd. (American Yew. Ground Hemlock.) 

 A low straggling bush, the stems diffusely spreading ; leaves linear, green 

 both sides. (T. naccata, var. Canadensis, Willd.) — Moist banks and hills 

 especially under evergreens ; Xewf. to N. J., Iowa, Minn., and northward 



