586 CYPERACE^. (sedge FAMILY.) 



browu ; achene orbicular-obovate, margined, narrowed at base, about as long 

 as the awl-shaped beak ; bristles twice longer, stout, barbed downward and 

 sometimes also upward. — Sandy swamps, Long Island to N. J. and Fla. 



§ i>. CERATOSCHCENUS. Spikelets lanceolate, acuminate, in fruit Jiattishy 

 cymose-panicied , of only one perfect and 1-4 staminate flowers ; scales few ; 

 bristles rigid, minutelji scabrous upward ; style simple or barely 2-toothed, 

 filiform and gradually thickened downward, in fruit persistent as an exserted, 

 slender-awl-shaped, upwardly roughened beak, several times longer than the 

 smooth flat obovate achene ; coarse perennials ; spikelets in floiver 4:'\infruit 

 including the projecting beak about V long. 



13. R. cornieulata, Gray. (Horned Rush.) Culm 3 - 6° high ; leaves 

 about 6" wide ; cymes decompound, diffuse ; bristles awl-shaped, stout, unequal, 

 shorter than the achene. — Wet places, Peun. to Fla., west to S. Ind. and Mo. 



14. R. macrostachya, Torr. (PI. 4, fig. 1-4.) Cymes decompound, 

 or in the northern form somewhat simple and smaller, and the spikelets usually 

 more clustered; bristles capillary, twice the length of the achene. — Borders of 

 ponds, Mass. to N. J. and Fla. ; rare. 



14. C LABIUM, P.Browne. Twig-Rdsh. (PI. 5.) 



Spikelets ovoid or oblong, of several loosely imbricated scales ; the lowei 

 empty, one or two above bearing a staminate or imperfect flower ; the terminal 

 flower perfect and fertile. Perianth none. Stamens 2. Style 2- 3-cleft, de- 

 ciduous. Achene ovoid or globular, somewhat corky at the summit, or pointed, 

 without any tubercle, in which it differs from Rhynchospora. (Diminutive of 

 KAddos, a branch, from the repeatedly branched cyme of the original species.) 



1. C. maris COides, Torr. Perennial; culm obscurely triangular ( 1 - 2*^ 

 high) ; leaves narrow, channelled, scarcely rough-margined ; cymes small; thf 

 spikelets clustered in heads 3-8 together on 2 - 4 peduncles ; style 3-cleft. — 

 Bogs, X. Scotia to Del., west to S. Minn, and Iowa. July. 



15. SCLERIA, Berg. Xct-Rlsh. (PI. 5.) 



Flowers monoecious ; the fertile spikelets 1-flowered, usually intermixed with 

 clusters of few-flowered staminate spikelets. Scales loosely imbricated, the 

 lower empty. Stamens 1-3. Style 3-cleft. Achene globular, stony, bony, 

 or enamel-like in texture. Bristles, etc., none. Perennials, with triangular 

 leafy culms, mostly from creeping rootstocks ; flowering in summer ; all in . 

 low ground or swamps. Inflorescence, in our species, of terminal and axillary 

 clusters, the lower clusters usually peduncled. (Name, aK\r]pia, hardness, from 

 the indurated fruit.) 



* Achene smooth. 



1. S. triglomerata, Michx. Culm (l-|-3° high) and broadly lineai 

 leaves roughish ; fascicles of spikelets few, the lowest peduncled, the upper 

 somewhat in threes ; achene ovate-globose or depressed, on an obscure crusta- 

 ceous disk. — Mass. and Yt. to Fla., west to Minn, and Tex. — Var. gracilis.. 

 Britton. Culms slender (1-2° long); fascicles few-flowered, the lower (2- 

 3-flowered) on very long filiform peduncles ; achene not more than half as 

 large, acutish. — X. J. 



