CYPERACE^. (sedge FAMILY.) 595 



C. billXta X utricuiAta, Bailey, rerigynium considerably smaller and 

 more spreading, less shining; scales longer and sharper. (C. (Jlneyi, Boott.) 



— Providence, R. I. {Olnejj). 



15. C. retrorsa, Schwein. Stout, 2-3^^ high; culm obtusely angled 

 and smooth or nearly so; leaves broad and soft, roughish, much longer than 

 the culm ; spikes 3-5, approximate near the top of the culm or the low- 

 est remote, all but the lowest 1 or 2 sessile, 1-2' long and very compactly 

 flowered, erect or spreading ; perigynium very thin and papery, much inflated, 

 prominently nerved, strongly reflexed ; scale very short and small. — Swamps, 

 from Penn. northward, common. — In var. Hartii, Gray, a common mon- 

 strous form, the spikes are more or less scattered and peduucled, loosely flow- 

 ered, and the perigynium less reflexed or spreading. 



=z = Scales all rough-aicned. 



16. C. lurida, Wahl. Variable in size, mostly ranging from 1^-3° 

 high, stout ; cul_ii rather obtusely angled and smooth ; leaves long and loose, 

 rough ; spikes 2-4, variously disposed, the 1 or 2 upper sessile, nearly erect 

 or often drooping, very densely flowered ; perigynium thin and turgid, often 

 somewhat shining, rather lightly about 10-uerved, very long and slenderly 

 beaked, ascending ; stamiuate spike single , scales linear, half as long as the 

 perigA'nium or more. (C. tentaculata, Maid.) — Swamps, X. Eng. to S. 111., and 

 southward; abundant eastward. Very variable. — Var. gr.4.cilis, Bailey. 

 Plant more slender; spikes 2-3, very small and narrowly cylindrical (P 

 long or less, and 3'' broad or less). Mts. of Vt., Penn., and Tenn. 



Var. flaccida, Bailey. Lower, scarcely exceeding 12-15' in height; 

 spikes 2-4, all sessile and approximate at the top of the culm, small and 

 straight (1' long or less), dull broAvn or reddish-brown, loosely flowered and en- 

 tirely lacking the dense and comose appearance of the type ; perigynium very 

 thin and much inflated, the body usually larger than in the type and more 

 gradually contracted into the beak. — X. Y. to X". J. ; apparently scarce. 



C. LtiRiDA X lupulIna, Bailey. Very like C. lurida, but the spikes usu- 

 ally all approximate or only the lowest separated, erect or spreading, all sessile, 

 green or greenish, often curved ; perigynium very long-beaked and ascending; 

 staminate spike one, sessile or very nearly so, strongly resembling that of C. 

 lupulina. (C. tentaculata, var. altior, Boott.) — Mass., Conn., and X. Y. ; little 

 known. C. lupulina X retrorsa is distinguished from this by its yellow or 

 straw-colored more scattered spikes which are shorter and always straight, 

 and the loose, larger and more inflated perigynia. 



* 1. — H- 4. Pseudocyperce. 

 ■^ Spikes all erect or ascending. 



17. C. Schweinitzii, Bewey. Soft but erect, 1 - 2° high, stoloniferous, 

 yellowish-green and becoming straw-colored in drying; culm flattish and 

 smooth; leaves broad (3-4"), the radical longer than the culm, the others 

 mostly short; spikes 3-4, the lower one or two short-peduncled, narrowly 

 (ong-cylindrical (1^-3' long, 4" broad) ; perigynium thin and somewhat in- 

 flated, prominently few-nerved, the long beak short-toothed, ascending; scale 

 awned and commonly rough at the tip, a little shorter than tlie perigynium. 



— Swamps, W. 'Sew Eng. to X. J., and west to Mich. ; local- 



