GRAMINE^E. (GRASS FAMILY.) 645 



P. PKATENSE, L. (Timothy. Herd's-Grass in New Eng. and N. Y.) 

 Tall; apike long-ci/lhidrical. ; lower glumes ciliate on the back, tipped with a 

 short bristle. — Meadows, commonly cultivated for hay. (Nat. fruui Eu.) 



1. P. alpinum, L. Low; spike ovate-oh/onr/ ; lower glumes strongly 



ciliate on the back, tipped with a rough awn about their own length. — Alpine 



tops of the White Mountains, N. H., and high northward. (Eu.) 



27. AL OPE GURUS, L. Foxtail Grass. (PI. 7.) 



Spikelets 1 -flowered, jointed on the pedicel. Lower glumes boat-shaped, 

 strongly compressed and keeled, nearly equal, united at base, equalling or ex- 

 ceeding the flowering glume, which is awned on the back below the middle ; 

 palet mostly wanting ! Stamens 3. Styles mostly united. Stigmas long and 

 feathered. — Clusters contracted into a cylindrical and soft dense spike ; peren- 

 nial. (Name from d\wirr}^,/ox, and ovpd, tail, from the shape of the spike.) 



A. PRATEN8IS, L. (Meadow Foxtail.) Culm upright, smooth (2° high) ; 

 the upper leaf much shorter than its inflated sheath ; spike stout, H - 2^ long ; 

 floicering glume e(pialling the acute lower glumes ; aim erserted more than half 

 its length, twisted. — Meadows and pastures, eastward. May. (Nat. from Eu.) 



A. gexicltlAtus, L. (Floating F.) (PI. 7, fig. 1-4.) Culm ascending, 

 often bent at the lower joints ; upper leaf as long as its sheath ; spike slender, 

 1-2' long; flowering glume rather shorter than the obtuse lower glumes, the awn 

 from near its base and projecting from half to twice its length beyond it. — Moist 

 meadows, eastward. June- Aug. (Nat. from Eu.) 



Var. aristulatus, Torr. The awn very slender and scarcely exserted. 

 (A. aristulatus, Michx.) — In water and wet places; common. June- Aug. 



28. S P O R d B O L U S, R. Br. Drop-seed Grass. Rush-Grass. 



(PI. 7.) 

 Spikelets small, 1- (rarely 2-) flowered, in an open or contracted or spiked 

 panicle. Lower glumes persistent, 1 - 3-nerved, not awned or pointed, the 

 lower smaller; flowering glume of the same texture as the lower ones 

 (membranaceo-chartaceous) and usually longer than they, naked, awnless and 

 mostly pointless, 1-nerved (rarely somewhat 3-nerved) ; palet similar, 2-nerved. 

 Stamens chiefly 3. Stigmas simply feathery. Grain globular to ol)long or 

 cylindrical, deciduous, often very thin, containing the loose seed. — Culms 

 wiry or rigid. Leaves involute, the throat usually bearded, and sheaths often 

 enclosing the panicles. (Name from a-Tropd, seed, and fidWco, to cast forth.) 



* Panicle contracted, often simple ; grain oval or oblong ; perennial, except n. 2. 



1. S. asper, Kuuth. Culms tufted (2-4° high); lowest leaves very 

 long, rigid, rough on the edges, tapering to a long involute and thread-like 

 point, tlie upper short, involute ; sheaths partly or at first wholly enclosing 

 the contracted panicle; fower much longer than the unequal loirer glumes; 

 grain oval or oblong. (V'ilfa aspera, Beawr.) — Sandy fields and dry hills, 

 especially southward. Sept. — Spikelets 2-3" long. Flowering glume and 

 palet rough above, smooth or hairy below, the palet tapering upward, acute, 

 and one half to twice longer than the glume, or else obtuse and equalled or 

 even consideraljly exceeded by the glume ! 



2. S. vaginaeflbrus, Vasey. (PI. 7, fig. 4, 5.) Culms slender (6-12' 

 high), ascending; leaves involute-awl-shaped (1-4' long); panicles simple 

 and spiked, the lateral and often the terminal concealed in the sheaths ; Jiower^ 



