JUNGEKMANNIACE.t:. (SCALE-MOSSES. ) 705 



Stem, bifid ; involucral leaves more or less counate, equally bilobed, the lobes 

 entire, obtuse ; perianth small, subobovate-pyriform, smooth or 1 - 7-nerved or 

 alate both sides. — White Mts., on stuuted spruce and birch trees. 

 * * Lower leaf -lobe much smaller than the upper. 



•r- Underleaves scarcely wider than the stem, ovate, bijid, the divisions entire, 

 acute; perianth 1-carinate or smooth, except in n. 2; stems creeping. 



2. F. Virginica, Lehm. Stems short, irregularly branching; leaves 

 crowded, ovate, entire, somewhat concave, the lower lobes sometimes expanded 

 into a lanceolate lamina ; underleaves round-ovate, bifid, twice the width of 

 the stem; perianth compressed-pyriform, tuberculate, 2 - 4-carinate dorsally, 

 4-cariuate ventrally. — On bark of trees, rarely ou rocks; common. 



3. F. Eboracensis, Lehm. Branches clustered ; leaves loose, imbricate 

 on the branches, round-ovate, entire ; perianth pyriform, slightly compressed 

 and repand, smooth, obscurely carinate beneath and gibbous toward the apex. 

 (F. saxatilis, Lindenb.) — On trees and rocks; common northward. 



4. F. Pennsylvanica, Steph. Stems dichotomous; leaves imbricate, 

 flat, ovate, mucronate or rarely obtuse, entire ; lower lobe marginal, large, 

 round-cucullate ; underleaves broadly ovate, deej^ly parted, the divisions long- 

 acuminate ; dioecious ; antheridial spikes on short lateral branches, elongated ; 

 lobes of the involucral leaves acuminate, much narrowed at l)ase, and the 

 large underleaves carinate-concave, deeply parted, their apiculate divisions 

 entire or toothed. — Shaded rocks. Stony Creek, Carbon Co., Penn. (Bau). 

 Known only from the original description. 



5. F. saxicola, Aust. Stems numerous, widely branching; leaves or- 

 bicular, scarcely oblique, flat ; lower lobe near the stem, small, or rarely larger 

 and round-galeate ; underleaves scarcely wider than the stem, subovate, bifid ; 

 perianth broadly oblong, bowl-shaped with very short mouth, papillose, abruptly 

 broad-carinate beneath, 1 - many-nerved each side of the keel, 2-angled. — 

 Sloping dry trap rocks, Closter, N. J. (Aristin). 



•*- -4- Underleaves 2-3 times wider than the stem, round or subquadrate, bifid, 



the divisions blunt or truncate. 



++ Leaves lax, rather distant ; lower lobe mostl// expanded, ovate-lanceolate. 



6. F. aeolotis, Xees. Procumbent, irregularly branched or subpinnate; 

 leaves semi-vertical, subsquarrose, obliquely cordate, the lower lobe expanded ; 

 underleaves ovate, acutely bifid, the upper margin angular-dentate or entire ; 

 sporogonium unknown. — On trees and rocks, chiefly in mountain regions. 



-t-f ++ Leaves close-imbricate ; lower lobe galeate, seldom expanded except on 



terminal leaves. 



7. F. squarrbsa, Nees. Decumbent, pinnately branching, the short 

 fertile branch lateral ; leaves subvertical, suborbicular, obtuse, entire ; lower 

 lobe obovate-cucullate or galeate, subappressed ; underleaves cordate or rounded, 

 sinuate-subdentate, slightly bifid; perianth oblong, triquetrous, convex dor- 

 .sally, strongly keeled ventrally. — On rocks and trees, N. Y. to Ohio, and 

 southward ; rather common. 



8. F. plana, Sulliv. Procumbent, widely branching or subpinnate; 

 leaves orbicular, subimbricate ; lower lobe very small, as broad as long, close 

 to the stem; underleaves rather large, flat, rounded, slightly bifid; monoe- 



