722 JUNGERMANNIACE^. (SCALE-MOSSES.) 



§ 1. EtlCALYX. Perianth connate at base with the inner involucral leaves 

 somewhat surpassing them, 3-8-carinate, the mouth constricted. 



1. N. hyalina, Carring. Creeping, with ascending tips, the branches 

 dichotomous-fastigiate, with claret-colored rootlets ; leaves loosely imbricate, 

 decurrent, roundish, repaud-undulate ; monoecious or dicecious; involucral 

 leaves broader, appressed, one connate with the lower third of the perianth, 

 which is somewhat exserted, obovate, plicate with acute rough angles, rostel- 

 late, at length 4-cleft ; capsule round-ovate. ( Jungermannia hyalina, Lijell.) 

 — On banks in woods, Closter, N. J. {Austin), Ohio [Lesquereux). (£u.) 



2. N. crenulata, Lindb. (PI. 25.) Prostrate, branching ; leaves orbicu- 

 lar, entire, larger toward the involucre and with large marginal cells ; dioe- 

 cious ; involucral leaves 2, rarely 3, adnate to the base of the perianth, which 

 is flattened or terete, more or less regularly 4 - 5-plicate, the angles smooth ; 

 mouth much contracted, toothed. (Jungermannia crenulata, Smith.) — On the 

 ground in old fields, N. Y. and southward. (Eu.) 



3. N. crenuliformis, Lindb. Densely cespitose ; fertile stems creeping, 

 thickened upward, with numerous purple rootlets, the sterile subascending, at- 

 tenuate upward ; leaves subdecurrent, obliquely spreading, orbicular, concave, 

 entire or nearly so ; perianth small, subobovate, more or less connate with the 

 involucral leaves, not exserted or slightly so, rooting at base, triquetrous above, 

 becoming 4 - 7-plicate ; calyptra often violet-purple ; capsule oval-globose. 

 (Jungermannia crenuliformis, Aust.) — On rocks in rivulets, Closter, N. J. 

 [Austin), Coshocton Co., Ohio {Sullivant). 



4. N. biformis, Lindb. Densely cespitose, much branched, innovating 

 from beneath ; rootlets numerous ; leaves scarcely imbricate, alternate, spread- 

 ing, obliquely semicircular or broadly ovate, retuse or entire, decurrent dorsally ; 

 cells large, hyaline ; branch-leaves half as large, ovate or obovate, scarcely 

 decurrent ; dioecious ; antheridia solitary ; fruit unknown. (Jungermannia 

 biformis, Aust.) — On steep wet rocks, Delaware Water Gap, N. J. (Austin). 

 § 2. CHASC6ST0MA. Perianth exserted, subcampanulate and open, deeply 



laciniate, connate with the involucral leaves. 



5. N. fossombronioides, Lindb. Stems densely cespitose, ascending ; 

 rootlets numerous, purple ; leaves 2-ranked, subvertical, spreading-subrecurved, 

 rooting, closely imbricate, orbicular, clasping by a slightly cordate base, sub- 

 ventricose, undulate-repand, the apex uniplicate and slightly emarginate; 

 monoecious; perianth very large, 6- 10-plicate, the lobes entire; calyptra vio- 

 let; capsule short-oval. (Jungermannia fossombronioides, Aust.) — On rocks 

 in a rivulet, Closter, N. J. [Austin), and southward. 



27. GYMNOMITRIUM, Corda. (PI. 23.) 



Leaves closely iml)ricated, 2-ranked on fascicled ascending julaceous stems, 

 emarginate-bidentate ; underleaves none. Dioecious. Involucre double, the 

 inner shorter, of 2 or more dentate and deeply cleft leaves. Calyptra short, 

 campanulate. Capsule globose, the valves at length reflexed. Elaters cadu- 

 cous. Antheridia in tlie axils of leaves, oval, stipitate. (Name from yvfxvos, 

 naked, and fiirplov. a little cap.) 



1. G. concinnatum, Corda. Stems simple or imbricately branching, 

 thickened at the apex ; leaves ovate, bifid, with a narrow scarious margin 



