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CEYLON BUTTERFLIES. oD 
Has a strong flight while migrating, but at other times it 
flies slowly, and settles frequently on wet roads or at flowers. 
It is then very easy to catch. 
Common all over the Island, and may be taken all the year 
round, but is most abundant during the north-east monsoon. 
“Has been taken at Lindula at 5,000 feet” (F. M. 
Mackwood). 
4. TIRUMALA SEPTENTRIONIS, M.; Danais septentrionis, 
B.; Tirumala melissa musikanos, K.—Found also in India, 
Burma, Malaya, &c. 
Occurs in the same places, and at the same times as the 
last, but is far more numerous. It usually shares with ZL. 
asela the honour of starting the north-east monsoon flights. 
Its flight while migrating is much slower than that of 7. 
limniace, and when not migrating it is not addicted to settling 
on wet roads ; otherwise its habits are similar. 
Occasionally, during the flights, hundreds of their wings 
may be found in places along the roads. I believe this to be 
mainly the work of the White-bellied Drongo (Dicrurus leuco- 
pygialis), as I have seen this bird catching them, eating the 
body, and dropping the wings. I have also seen the blood- 
sucker lizard (Calotes sp.) eating them. 
Found everywhere from Galle to Jaffna at all times, but 
commonest during the north-east monsoon. 
“Taken at Lindula, 5,000 feet, in March and April” 
(F. M. Mackwood). 
5. SaLATuRA CHRysIppuS, M. & E.; Danais chrysippus, 
B—Found also in South-Eastern Europe, Africa, and 
Southern Asia. 
The most sedentary of all the Ceylon Danaids ; it may be 
found day after day in the same place; if disturbed it flies off, 
but soon returns. It does not apparently join in the flights. 
Specimens from Haldummulla are usually much smaller 
than those from the low-country, although the food plant is 
very abundant here. 
Found everywhere, all the year round. 
Var. dorippus.—tIn this the white sub-apical band is wanting. 
It is very rare, the only specimens I have seen being four in 
the Colombo Museum collection. 
