CEYLON BUTTERFLIES. 131 
of the cell, and others at the end of each vein, but all these are 
sometimes absent. The discal bands on the hind wing, 
though faint, can always be distinguished. 
In rama 3.—Upper side: The black border of the fore wing 
is abruptly narrowed below vein 1, and is not continued along 
the dorsum; its inner edge is strongly produced inwards 
along veins 2 and 3; there is no disco-cellular streak, and 
the veins are not marked out in black; the sex mark is 
smaller. 
Under side: There is a distinct black linear spot at’ the 
upper apex of the cell. On the lower wing there is a black 
spot in the basal half of 7, and a series of three dusky spots 
across the wing near the middle of the cell. The discal bands 
are very clearly marked. 
In cingala 2.—Upper side: The black border of the fore 
wing 1s of nearly even width from vein 4 to the tornus, and it 
is usually produced a short distance along the dorsal margin ; 
on the hind wing it is broad at the apex, but narrows gradually 
to the tornus ; there is a fine black line on the disco-cellulars 
of the fore wing. 
In rama 2.—Upper side: The ground colour is much 
brighter ; the black border of the fore wing is broken below 
vein 2, and continued to the tornus as a fine line; on the 
lower wing there is a broad apical black patch, but it narrows 
abruptly in interspace 5, and is continued thence to the tornus 
as a narrow black line ; there is no mark on the disco-cellulars 
of the fore wing. 
Under side: In cingala it resembles the 3. In rama it 
answers nearly in ground colour and markings to Bingham’s 
description of 7’. leta, wet season form. 
- The males are fairly constant, but it is possible to grade 
them. The females are very variable, and grading is easy. I 
believe that rama is the cold and cingala the warm weather 
form of our Ceylon race. The differences between them 
coincide very nearly to the seasonal variations of 7. libythea. 
See Pl. 2, figs. 1 to 6. 
Cingala is very plentiful on the Uva patanas, from 500 to 
3,000 feet elevation. Rama is not so common, and is chiefly 
