CEYLON BUTTERFLIES. 147 
The female is much more difficult to procure in good con- 
dition than the male. It can be distinguished by the much 
duller colour of the crimson spots and the greater amount of 
black on the upper surface of the abdomen. 
** Female difficult to get in perfect condition on account of 
being incessantly harassed and damaged by the males ” (F. M. 
Mackwood). 
178. MENELAIDES JoPHON, M. & E. ; Papilio jophon, De N. 
& B.—Peculiar to Ceylon, and confined to the wet zone. 
I have taken it at Elpitiya and Kottawa in the Galle 
District, and single very battered specimens at Kegalla and 
Rambukkana. The latter place is, I imagine, quite its most 
northern limit. J am told that it is quite common at times 
at Ratnapura and at Udagama and Deniyaya in the Southern 
Province. I have noticed very little variation, except in size. 
It is very easy to catch in the early morning or late evening, 
but it flies very high in the middle of the day in fine weather. 
“Has been captured at Pussellawa and Galboda in Ambe- 
gamuwa ” (F. M. Mackwood). 
179. MENELAIDES CEYLONICA, M. ; Papilio aristolochie, B. 
& De N.; Menelaides aristolochie ceylonicus, K.—Peculiar 
to Ceylon, but is at the most only a race of the Indian 
aristolochiz. | . 
Bingham says : ‘‘ Var. ceylonica has a white spot at the apex 
of the cell of the hind wing.” The great majority of Ceylon 
specimens show this spot, but others without it are not very 
rare,and are widely scattered in different localities in both the 
wet and dry seasons. I have one specimen, a female, from 
Giant’s tank, Mannar, which not only has no white in the cell, 
but the white spots do not commence till at least 4 mm. 
below it. These spots are much reduced in size, the one in 
interspace 5 being almost obsolete. The black on the upper 
surface of the abdomen is much reduced. It answers to 
Bingham’s description of the dry season form of aristolochiz. 
It was caught in July (dry season). It seems to me, therefore, 
that the race ceylonica is hardly well established yet. 
It is very common at Haldummulla all the year round, and 
is well distributed all over the Island from Galle to Jaffna, 
though it is less common in the north than in the south. Its 
