CEYLON BUTTERFLIES. gee 
importance to external differences, and the fact that I have 
seen no signs of grading in the males. They may be only 
seasonal varieties, as the dry and wet season forms of most 
species fly together in Ceylon. Both fly all the year round at 
Haldummulla. A small form of subochracea is found in the 
Northern Province (and very rarely, during the drought, at 
Haldummulla). In this the under side of the hind wing is 
suffused with pale gray. 
Both are potential pests of paddy. 
PARNARA.—The true Parnaras, or those without a sex mark, 
are only represented by a few species in Ceylon, but they seem 
to have been little studied, and I find some difficulty in naming 
them. Moore gives five species: kumara, seriata, narooa, 
cingala, and bada, Evans gives phillippina, kuwmara, austeni, 
conjuncta, colaca, and bada. These separate easily into two 
groups, the large and the small, the latter consisting of cingala 
and bada. The large can be again subdivided by the colour 
of the under side of the hind wing, viz., reddish-brown or 
greenish-brown. 
There is no Indian collection in the Colombo Museum, and 
little literature on the subject, so the most I can do is to 
roughly describe our forms, leaving it to Indian collectors to 
compare the descriptions and figures of the prehensores with 
Indian specimens and settle their true status. 
_ [hope to send slides of the prehensores to the Entomological 
Section of the Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa for 
their assistance. 
Group A.—Under Side of Hind Wing Reddish-Brown. 
224. PARNARA KUMARA g, M.—Expanse 40-45 mm. 
No spot in cell of fore wing ; hind wing unmarked. Spots on 
the fore wing in 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7, some or all of the three latter 
being sometimes obsolete. Under side: Costa and apex of 
fore wing and the whole hind wing dark orange-brown, 
deepening in worn specimens into vinous brown. As a rule, 
