OWLS AND DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 367 
whitish below, with broad dark crossbars (the fourth quill has 
seven or eight such bars, including the tip) ; secondaries and 
tertiaries barred on the inner web with white ; tail dark ash- 
gray above, whitish below, with four dark bands on the inner 
feathers and five or six on the outermost ; the latter disappear 
in old birds. Throat white, generally with a dark stripe 
down the middle ; upper breast rufous, the central feathers 
with white edges and dark shafts ; lower breast, abdomen, and 
thighs barred white and rufous brown, but the breast and 
flanks are so tinged with rufous as to conceal the bars ; vent 
and lower tail coverts white. 
Females are dark brown above; the crown and nape 
blackish ; wings and tail browner than in males; throat and 
fore-neck white with a broad dark central stripe ; the centre 
of the chest boldly striped with dark brown ; sides of chest, 
breast, abdomen, and thigh coverts banded rufous brown and 
white, the white bands growing narrower in old birds. 
Young birds are brown above with rufous margins to the 
feathers ; the under parts are buff or brownish-white, with a 
broad dark band down the centre of the throat, and large 
brown spots on the breast, abdomen, and thigh coverts, The 
spots turn to bars as the birds grow older, 
Bill lead-gray, blackish at the tip ; cere pale lemon-yellow ; — 
iris bright yellow, orange in old birds ; legs and feet yellow. 
Males : length about 10°5; wing 6°25; tail 5; tarsus 2 ; 
mid-toe without claw 1-25; bill from gape ° 62. 
Females considerably larger : length about 13°5 ; wing 7°5; 
mid-toe 1-4; bill from gape ° 7. 
Distribution.—Blanford unites under one head (1) A. affinis, 
a large form resident from the Himalayas to the Shan States, 
Siam, and possibly Malaya ; and (2) A. wrgatus, of which the 
typical sub-species A. virgatus virgatus occurs as a resident in 
Southern India and Ceylon. It is fairly widely distributed 
over the Island wherever there is jungle. 
Habits, &c.—Like the Crested Goshawk, this is a jungle bird 
and rather shy. The cry is a loud shrill squeal. It feeds on 
small birds, lizards, &c. 
The breeding season appears to be about May ; the nest is a 
rough structure of twigs placed in a tree. The clutch varies 
